Table 3.

Introduction and comparison of various natural antibacterial factors.

Classification	Antibacterial mechanism	Advantages	Disadvantages
Silver-zeolite	Metal ions contact sterilization and catalytic sterilization.	Strong affinity that can work both in the presence and absence of oxygen.	High cost
Silver-phosphate	Slow-release action and photocatalytic action.	Strong adsorption function, large specific surface area, nontoxicity, stable chemical properties.	High cost
Silver-soluble glass	Slow release of sterilization.	High chemical activity, long-term sustained-release antibacterial activity.	Easy to change color, high cost.
Titanium dioxide	Photocatalytic antibacterial activity.	Stable chemical properties, broad spectrum of sterilization, excellent acid and alkali resistance, nontoxicity, rich raw material sources.	Difficult to sedimentation, not easy to recover, not selective of sterilization.
Zinc oxide class	Photocatalysis, metal ion dissolution and active oxygen antibacterial.	High activity, rapid antibacterial, high safety, low cost, biocompatibility, controllable morphology.	Only under ultraviolet light with sterilization, degradation of organic matter, self-purification ability, no selectivity.
Quaternary ammonium salt	Adsorption, penetration, film breaking.	Low cost, fast antibacterial speed.	Poor durability, large effective drug dose, easy to induce drug resistance.
Halide amine	Contact with sterilization or release of oxidizing halogen cation.	Strong stability, broad spectrum of sterilization, high efficiency, easy degradation and low toxicity.	Cannot be directly deposited on the surface of matrix.
Chitosan	Destroys the cell wall of bacteria and hinders their free movement.	Excellent biocompatibility, low cost, nontoxicity.	Poor water solubility
Antimicrobial peptides	Disrupt bacterial membranes and inactivate nucleic acids and cytoplasmic proteins.	High efficiency, broad-spectrum of sterilization, high killing potency, minimum risk for drug resistance.	Poor proteolytic stability, high toxicity toward mammalian cells.
Plant extracts	Rupture of the bacterial biofilm by electrostatic interaction	Controllable release of antibacterial agents, prolonged effects, positive effects on growth factors and collagen deposition.	Poor durability
Algae and mushroom extracts	Product targeted secondary metabolites	Broad-spectrum of sterilization, excellent antibacterial activity.	Poor anti-fungi activity, limited extraction solvent.