Table 1.

A summary of mitochondrial-targeting NPs along with their targeting ligands.

Mitochondrial- Targeting NPs	Targeting route	Targeting ligand	Ref.
Poly-L-lysine self-assembling NPs	Active	Aptamer Cyt c	(Chen et al., 2017a, Chen et al., 2017b)
Poly (amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer NPs	Active	TPP+	(Biswas et al., 2012)
Poly (D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid)-block-poly ethylene glycol (PLGA-PEG NPs)	Active	TPP+	(Marrache and Dhar, 2012, Marrache et al., 2013)
Poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) NPs	Active	TPP+	(Cho et al., 2015)
Poly (ethylene oxide)-block-poly (propylene oxide)-block-poly (ethylene oxide), PEO-PPO-PEO NPs	Active	TPP+	(Wang et al., 2020)
PEG- Polydopamine (PDA) NPs	Active	TPP+	(Li et al., 2017)
Hyaluronic acid-D-α-tocopherol succinate (HA-TS) NPs	Active	TPP+	(Lee and Cho, 2019)
Glycol chitosan	Active	DQA	(Mallick et al., 2019)
PEG2000- 1, 2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3 phosphoethanolamine (DSPE)- Liposomes	Active	DQA	(Li et al., 2013)
Polypyrrole-silica (Py-SiO2) hybrid NPs	Active	TPP+	(Xu et al., 2020)
SiO2-PDA-Fe3O4	Active	TPP+	(Guo et al., 2016)
Gold-Platinum bimetallic (Au-Pt) NPs	Active	TPP+	(Song et al., 2017)
Au nanostars	Active	TPP+	(Chen et al., 2017a, Chen et al., 2017b)
Ceria (CeO2) NPs	Active	TPP+	(Kwon et al., 2016)
Zirconia (ZrO2) NPs	Active	TPP+	(Chen et al., 2018)
Nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots	Active	TPP+	(Guo et al., 2017)