Table 5.
Study findings regarding the associations of demographic characteristics and heat exposure or physical response.
| Finding | Adverse effects on sleep | HRa increase | Decrease in physical activity | Skin temperature increase | Occupational heat stress | Higher IETb | |||||||
| Age (years) | |||||||||||||
|
|
Positive association | [30] | [56] | [34] | —c | [63] | [40] | ||||||
|
|
Null association | — | [65] | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Sex (female) | |||||||||||||
|
|
Positive association | [30] | [59] | [34] | — | [61,63] | — | ||||||
| BMI or body fat percentage | |||||||||||||
|
|
Positive association | — | [59] | — | [44] | [63,75,76] | [40] | ||||||
| Education | |||||||||||||
|
|
Positive association | — | — | — | — | [75,76] | — | ||||||
|
|
Negative association | — | — | — | — | — | [47] | ||||||
| Income | |||||||||||||
|
|
Negative association | — | — | — | — | — | [40,47,88] | ||||||
| Homelessness | |||||||||||||
|
|
Positive association | — | — | — | — | — | [60] | ||||||
| Health status (hypertension and type 2 diabetes) | |||||||||||||
|
|
Null association | — | [65] | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Lower-income country | |||||||||||||
|
|
Positive association | [30] | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| From the Eastern Mediterranean region | |||||||||||||
|
|
Positive association | — | — | [34] | — | — | — | ||||||
aHR: heart rate.
bIET: individually experienced temperature.
cNo findings regarding an association were stated in the included studies.