Table. Characteristics of Cases and Controls and the Results of the Multivariable Analysis for the Outcome of Hospitalization for COVID-19.
| Cases (n = 3062) |
Matched controls (n = 12 248) |
Multivariable analysisa | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
P value | |||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 70.8 (15.4) | 67.1 (18.2) | ||
| Age group, No. (%) | ||||
| ≤69 y | 1216 (39.7) | 5873 (48.0) | 1 [Reference] | |
| 70-79 y | 883 (28.8) | 3005 (24.5) | 1.47 (1.31-1.64) | <.001 |
| ≥80 y | 963 (31.5) | 3370 (27.5) | 1.57 (1.38-1.78) | <.001 |
| Sex, No. (%) | ||||
| Female | 1452 (47.4) | 6523 (53.3) | 1 [Reference] | <.001 |
| Male | 1610 (52.6) | 5725 (46.7) | 1.32 (1.21-1.44) | |
| Race and ethnicity, No. (%) | ||||
| African American/Black | 117 (3.8) | 509 (4.2) | 0.94 (0.76-1.17) | .57 |
| Asian | 157 (5.1) | 763 (6.2) | 0.84 (0.70-1.01) | .07 |
| Hispanic | 440 (14.4) | 1584 (12.9) | 1.13 (0.99-1.29) | .06 |
| White | 2092 (68.3) | 8459 (69.1) | 1 [Reference]b | |
| Otherc | 256 (8.4) | 933 (7.6) | 1 [Reference]b | |
| Comorbidities, No. (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 2298 (75.0) | 8695 (71.0) | 0.97 (0.87-1.08) | .60 |
| Diabetes | 1270 (41.5) | 4031 (32.9) | 1.35 (1.23-1.48) | <.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 1027 (33.5) | 3577 (29.2) | 0.95 (0.86-1.05) | .33 |
| Congestive heart failure | 998 (32.6) | 3651 (29.8) | 0.89 (0.80-0.98) | .02 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 789 (25.8) | 2102 (17.2) | 1.75 (1.57-1.94) | <.001 |
| Body mass index ≥35d | 588 (19.2) | 1860 (15.2) | 1.42 (1.27-1.59) | <.001 |
| Alcohol or drug dependence | 576 (18.8) | 2898 (23.7) | 0.71 (0.62-0.81) | <.001 |
| Cancer | 568 (18.5) | 2231 (18.2) | 0.92 (0.83-1.03) | .14 |
| Cognitive disease | 533 (17.4) | 1683 (13.7) | 1.15 (1.02-1.30) | .02 |
| Immunodeficiency | 334 (10.9) | 547 (4.5) | 2.68 (2.26-3.18) | <.001 |
| Current smoker | 246 (8.0) | 1252 (10.2) | 0.93 (0.77-1.11) | .41 |
| Rheumatologic disease | 243 (7.9) | 733 (6.0) | 1.18 (1.00-1.40) | .04 |
| Transplant | 123 (4.0) | 183 (1.5) | 2.04 (1.54-2.69) | <.001 |
| Hospitalization during period with >50% Omicron prevalence among COVID-19 cases in the community, No. (%)e | 2470 (80.7) | 9906 (80.9) | 0.39 (0.16-0.96) | .04 |
| Time between second mRNA vaccine dose and hospital admission, median (IQR), d | 305 (27-394) | 305 (27-394) | ||
| Time between second mRNA vaccine dose and booster, median (IQR), d | 231 (199-259) | 235 (205-260) | ||
| Received same brand of vaccine for primary series with or without a booster | ||||
| mRNA-1273 (Moderna) | 1297 (42.4) | 5361 (43.8) | 1 [Reference] | <.001 |
| BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) | 1625 (53.1) | 6132 (50.1) | 1.17 (1.08-1.27) | |
| Received both the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccines | 140 (4.6) | 755 (6.2) | ||
| Received mRNA booster | 1064 (34.7) | 6036 (49.3) | 0.41 (0.37-0.46) | <.001 |
| Prior COVID-19 | 112 (3.7) | 777 (6.3) | 0.44 (0.36-0.55) | <.001 |
Abbreviation: OR, odds ratio.
Controlled for the following factors: age, sex, race, alcohol or drug dependence, cancer, cognitive disease, congestive heart failure, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, hypertension, immunodeficiency, obesity, rheumatologic disease, smoking status, transplant, hospitalization during period with greater than 50% Omicron prevalence among COVID-19 cases in the community, brand of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine, receipt of mRNA booster, and prior COVID-19.
Referent category for race included White race and Other race combined.
American Indian/Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, or unknown race and ethnicity.
Calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.
Based on US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention regional estimates (https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#variant-proportions).