Fig. 1.

rBsCPI-1 and BsES affect the proliferation of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs).A, B Proliferation was measured by the Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8) assay after the cells were stimulated with ConA alone or combined with rBsCPI-1 (A) and BsES (B). The optical density (OD) values at 450 nm were considered to be the cell proliferation index. The data from 3 independent experiments were analyzed and expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (SD). Asterisks indicate a significant difference compared with the 0 μg/ml group at *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. c The cell cytotoxicity assay was used to assess the release level of LDH at OD₄₉₀. Significant differences versus the PBS group are indicated by ***P < 0.001; versus the pET-32a (pET-32a) group by ^§§§P < 0.001; and versus the rBsCPI-1 group by ^&&&P < 0.001. BsES, Excretory–secretory products of Baylisacaris schroederi migratory larvae; ConA, Concanavalin A; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; rBsCPI-1, recombinant B. schroederi migratory larvae cysteine protease inhibitor