TABLE 4.

Chi-square tests showing a comparison between surveys submitted by students of any gender in the comparison group (CG) who belonged to either historically well-represented (WR) or underrepresented (UR) racial/ethnic groups in science

Factor of interest	Item	Survey items	Percent of students who agreed or strongly agreeda			Chi-square test (p values)b	Average and SEM
			Total (n = 500)	WR (n = 288)	UR (n = 212)		WR (n = 288)	UR (n = 212)
Medical Profession	1	I plan to attend a health-related professional school.	63%	66%	58%	0.0779	3.71 ± 0.09	3.39 ± 0.12
	2	I am planning a pre-med course of study at Duke.	62%	64%	58%	0.2315	3.64 ± 0.10	3.33 ± 0.12
	3	I am not interested in pursuing a career in engineering.c	64%	62%	67%	0.2105	3.55 ± 0.10	3.75 ± 0.11
	4	I want a career in healthcare that involves working directly with patients.c	67%	71%	62%	0.029	4.16 ± 0.08	3.85 ± 0.11
	5	A career with direct patient contact	67%	72%	59%	0.0029	3.53 ± 0.09	3.12 ± 0.13
	6	I plan to minor in chemistry.	35%	37%	33%	0.3101	2.84 ± 0.09	2.51 ± 0.11
Graduate School	7	I plan to attend graduate school in the natural sciences.	26%	27%	25%	0.5051	2.67 ± 0.08	2.52 ± 0.09
	8	I plan to attend graduate school in the biomedical sciences.	26%	32%	18%	0.0003	2.69 ± 0.08	2.15 ± 0.08
	9	I am interested in learning more about biomedical research.	67%	74%	57%	<0.0001	3.9 ± 0.07	3.48 ± 0.09
	10	In the future, I would like to spend at least part of one summer conducting scientific research in a laboratory.	76%	82%	75%	0.0002	4.26 ± 0.06	3.90 ± 0.08
	11	I am interested in applying to MD/PhD programs to combine my interests in medicine research.	43%	49%	36%	0.004	3.16 ± 0.08	2.83 ± 0.10
	12	I am interested in a career focused on scientific research.	41%	46%	35%	0.0174	3.16 ± 0.08	2.76 ± 0.09
Laboratory Scientific Research	13	I already know what it is like to conduct scientific research in a laboratory.	47%	55%	37%	<0.0001	3.30 ± 0.08	2.81 ± 0.09
	14	Outside of the class, I have worked in a science laboratory conducting research.	38%	48%	25%	<0.0001	2.99 ± 0.10	2.21 ± 0.10
	15	I will conduct laboratory research while attending Duke.	78%	83%	71%	0.0012	4.29 ± 0.06	4.02 ± 0.07

^aPercent of students who agreed or strongly agreed and average responses between 1 and 5 (where 1 = strongly disagree and 5 = strongly agree) for each item in the internal surveys administered.

^bChi square test p values are for differences between WR and UR subgroups within the comparison group.

^cSurvey values and statements were inversed to align sentiment of the factor of interest.