TABLE 4.

Example instances of Negatively Phrased Instructor Talk

Category	Subcategory	Example instance
Dismantling the Instructor/Student Relationship	Ignoring Student Challenges	“There are 18 sections of this lab. There is literally no reason why you can’t make a single section.”“Alright, so it doesn’t sound like you guys are talking, so that means that you guys know everything, which is great. So, we’re just going to move right on.”
	Assuming Poor Behaviors from Students	“If you ever need to miss a class, because you’re sick, or because some emergency happened back home. I’d prefer if you guys emailed me first or email me at some point, so I know that’s what’s going on, it’s not you guys are just missing class. So, please just email me. If you don’t, then I’m just going to assume that you just ditched. So, it’s like kind of, communicate with me.”“Cleaning up after yourself. If you leave a giant mess for me to clean up and I see that it’s your seat, I might get grumpy and take some points off of [participation].”
	Making Public Judgments about Students	“I know [name]’s not here, and that’s everybody, so … No shade to [name], if that’s what …you know … I’m sure she’s got better things to do…”“That being said, it does kind of hurt my feelings when I’m talking, and I have like students full on blasting rap in their ears and I can hear it. So, it’s like, if you’re walking around the room and you’re taking notes and taking pictures, play your music. I don’t care. That being said, if I’m up here talking, I expect phones are down, hoods are off.”
Disestablishing Class Culture	Expecting Students Know What to Do	“I’m not going to read through all these rules and regulations for you. You guys have been in a lab before? Okay, wonderful.”“I’ll give you the answer for the first one because it seems that some people may be a little confused. An assay means a test or appraisal to determine the components of a substance or object. All you had to do was Google it, because I sent you the question, so…”
	Discouraging Community among Students	No instances observed.
	Criticizing Colleagues	“One of the other lab instructors said that the way he does this lab is he doesn’t answer any questions, he makes everybody else work on their own. Because he says that you guys have to learn how to … what did he say? You have to read simple instructions.”
	Encouraging Only the Right Answer	“Hopefully I’ll be able to drill that into your head by the end of the lab.”“I’m going to keep on repeating that, because if you guys miss that on the test, I’m going to be very upset.”
Compromising Pedagogical Choices	Expressing Doubt in Pedagogical Choice	No instances observed.
	Using Convenience to Drive Teaching Choices	“So, I have this … they gave me like yarn to demonstrate mitosis, but I would rather show you a video, like always. Because I’m actually not sure how to do it with yarn.”“I have office hours on Friday from 2–3 pm. Last semester literally no one came. So, I might change this under the table, being like if you want to talk to me, email me. So, I don’t have to stay that long.”
	Teaching to a Subset of Students	No instances observed.
	Focusing on the Grade/Short Term	“This lab notebook, this is basically a third of your grade. So, if you don’t do well on the lab notebook, then your grade for this class really suffers. So, this class is out of 300 points. Your lab notebook is 100 points. So, I would work really hard on your lab notebook.”“These very simple questions that you can just memorize off your table—I guarantee you if you know this basic table you can walk into that practical and get half credit just on that alone.”
Sharing Personal Judgment	Sharing Self-Judgment or Self-Pity	“All right, so, just a forewarning—I suck at names … So, I’m really bad at this. So, if I butcher your name, I’m totally sorry. And let me know if you have like a nickname or something you want to go by.”“So, they want you to label like … wow so that’s … [sarcastically] I’m a really great drawer…”
	Distancing from Student Experiences	No instances observed.
Masking Science	Being Implicit about the Nature of Science	No instances observed.
	Intimidating Students from Science	No instances observed.