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. 2022 Summer;21(2):ar29. doi: 10.1187/cbe.21-05-0133

TABLE 2.

Results of all statistical analyses, organized by research question and analysisa

Modelb beta SE df t value p value VIF R 2 m R 2 c
Q1
Anxiety metric = Gender + Timing + Gender*Timing + (1|Semester)
 Gaining initial skills in R anxiety −0.41 0.25 191 −1.62 0.10 2.53 0.09 0.09
 Sense of control in R 0.31 0.17 378 1.84 0.06 2.49 0.13 0.13
 R self-concept 0.07 0.17 378 0.43 0.66 2.51 0.06 0.07
 State of anxiety in R situations −0.16 0.47 378 −1.09 0.27 2.49 0.08 0.08
 Anxiety metric = Gender + (1|Semester)
 Pre: Gaining initial skills in R anxiety −0.68 0.18 97 −3.74 0.0003 1.01 0.13 0.13
 Pre: Sense of control in R 0.57 0.12 190 4.87 0 1.01 0.11 0.11
 Pre: R self-concept 0.38 0.11 190 3.37 0.0008 1.01 0.06 0.06
 Pre: State of anxiety in R situations −0.37 0.10 190 −3.60 0.0004 1.01 0.06 0.07
 Post: Gaining initial skills in R anxiety −0.26 0.17 97 −1.53 0.13 1.01 0.06 0.06
 Post: Sense of control in R 0.27 0.12 190 2.25 0.02 1.01 0.03 0.03
 Post: R self-concept 0.31 0.13 190 2.31 0.02 1.01 0.04 0.04
 Post: State of anxiety in R situations 0.22 0.10 190 −2.05 0.04 1.01 0.03 0.03
 Anxiety metric = Timing + (1|Semester)
 Men: Gaining initial skills in R anxiety −0.03 0.15 65 −0.23 0.81 1 0.00 0.10
 Men: Sense of control in R −0.22 0.11 124 −2.07 0.04 1 0.03 0.03
 Men: R self-concept −0.22 0.11 126 −1.95 0.05 1 0.03 0.03
 Men: State of anxiety in R situations 0.16 0.09 124 1.71 0.09 1 0.02 0.09
 Women: Gaining initial skills in R anxiety 0.37 0.16 125 2.29 0.02 1 0.04 0.04
 Women: Sense of control in R −0.53 0.11 252 −5.05 0 1 0.09 0.09
 Women: R self-concept −0.29 0.11 250 −2.7 0.007 1 0.03 0.05
 Women: State of anxiety in R situations 0.32 0.09 252 3.53 0.0004 1 0.05 0.07
Q2
 Change in anxiety metric = Nonverbal Immediacy + (1|Semester)
 Gaining initial skills in R anxiety −0.06 0.15 98 −0.41 0.68 1 0.00 0.00
 Sense of control in R 0.22 0.09 191 2.37 0.02 1 0.03 0.03
 R self-concept 0.21 0.10 191 2.02 0.04 1 0.02 0.02
 State of anxiety in R situations −0.10 0.08 191 −1.22 0.22 1 0.01 0.01
 Change in anxiety metric = Verbal Immediacy + (1|Semester)
 Gaining initial skills in R anxiety −0.21 0.20 98 −1.04 0.29 1 0.01 0.01
 Sense of control in R 0.17 0.14 191 1.20 0.23 1 0.01 0.01
 R self-concept 0.25 0.15 191 1.62 0.11 1 0.01 0.01
 State of anxiety in R situations −0.17 0.12 191 −1.38 0.17 1 0.01 0.01
Q3
R Anxiety: Percent Engagement = Presemester Gaining Initial Skills Anxiety + Presemester Sense of Control + Presemester R Self-Concept + Presemester State of Anxiety + (1|Semester) + (1|Unique ID)
 R instruction observation: State of anxiety in R situations −0.01 0.01 46 −1.08 0.28 1 0.02 0.02
 R instruction observation: Sense of control 0.01 0.01 46 0.99 0.32 1 0.01 0.01
 R instruction observation: R self-concept 0.01 0.01 46 1.23 0.22 1 0.02 0.02
 Control instruction observation: State of anxiety in R situations −0.03 0.09 11 −0.38 0.71 1 0.01 0.99
 Control instruction observation: Sense of control −0.03 0.07 11 −0.51 0.62 1 0.03 0.99
 Control instruction observation: R self-concept −0.03 0.08 11 −0.44 0.66 1 0.02 0.99
 Percent Engagement = Nonverbal Immediacy + (1|Semester) + (1|Unique ID)
 R instruction observation 0.01 0.01 46 0.81 0.42 1 0.01 0.54
 Control instruction observation −0.04 0.07 50 −0.71 0.48 1 0.01 0.01
 Percent Engagement = Verbal Immediacy + (1|Semester) + (1|Unique ID)
 R instruction observation −0.01 0.02 46 −0.57 0.56 1 0.00 0.54
 Control instruction observation −0.22 0.12 50 −1.72 0.09 1 0.06 0.06
Q4
Change in anxiety metric = Avoidance/Behavioral Disengagement + Active Coping + Planning + Instrumental Support Seeking + Self-Blame
 Men: State of anxiety in R situations 2.75 0.55 0.55
  Avoidance/behavioral disengagement 0.08 0.11 23 0.75 0.45
  Active coping 0.27 0.16 23 1.64 0.11
  Planning −0.54 0.12 23 −4.38 0.00
  Instrumental support seeking 0.14 0.11 23 1.29 0.21
  Self-blame 0.14 0.07 23 2.04 0.05
 Men: Sense of control in R 2.75 0.43 0.43
  Avoidance/behavioral disengagement −0.31 0.17 23 −1.82 0.08
  Active coping −0.23 0.24 23 −0.96 0.34
  Planning 0.41 0.18 23 2.27 0.03
  Instrumental support seeking −0.27 0.16 23 −1.71 0.10
  Self-blame −0.15 0.11 23 −1.41 0.17
 Men: R self-concept 2.75 0.45 0.45
  Avoidance/behavioral disengagement −0.06 0.15 23 −0.44 0.66
  Active coping −0.02 0.22 23 −0.11 0.90
  Planning 0.47 0.16 23 2.88 0.008
  Instrumental support seeking −0.09 0.14 23 −0.61 0.54
  Self-blame −0.11 0.09 23 −1.17 0.25
 Women: State of anxiety in R situations 4.29 0.27 0.27
  Avoidance/behavioral disengagement 0.42 0.16 57 2.52 0.01
  Active coping 0.27 0.24 57 1.11 0.27
  Planning −0.22 0.25 57 −0.87 0.38
  Instrumental support seeking −0.33 0.14 57 −2.36 0.02
  Self-blame −0.02 0.09 57 −0.19 0.85
 Women: Sense of control in R 4.29 0.13 0.13
  Avoidance/behavioral disengagement −0.58 0.22 57 −2.63 0.01
  Active coping −0.40 0.32 57 −1.25 0.22
  Planning −1.54 0.34 57 −0.46 0.64
  Instrumental support seeking 0.20 0.18 57 1.11 0.27
  Self-blame 0.02 0.11 57 0.18 0.85
 Women: R self-concept 4.29 0.35 0.35
  Avoidance/behavioral disengagement −0.54 0.17 57 −3.08 0.003
  Active coping 0.11 0.25 57 0.46 0.64
  Planning 0.01 0.26 57 0.06 0.95
  Instrumental support seeking 0.05 0.14 57 0.34 0.72
  Self-blame 0.18 0.09 57 1.98 0.05

aR2m, marginal R2 value; R2c, conditional R2 value.

b“Timing” is a dummy variable and refers to pre- vs. postsemester survey.