Table 1.
Correlations and descriptive statistics (means, standard deviations, ranges, and sample sizes) for study variables.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | Mean | SD | Min–max | N | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Age (T1) | – | 13.49 | 0.81 | 12–16 | 188 | ||||||
| 2. Gender (T1)a | − .02 | – | – | – | 1–2 | 188 | |||||
| 3. Educational level (T1)b | .19** | − .08 | – | – | – | 1–3 | 188 | ||||
| 4. Ethnic identity (T1)c | − .09 | .05 | − .36*** | – | – | – | 1–3 | 188 | |||
| 5. Living situation (T1)d | − .05 | .05 | − .13 | − .07 | – | – | – | 1–2 | 188 | ||
| 6. Self-esteem (T1) | .03 | − .17* | .02 | .02 | − .11 | – | 2.85 | 0.59 | 1–4 | 188 | |
| 7. Social support (T1) | − .01 | .14 | − .01 | − .06 | .07 | .44*** | – | 2.86 | 0.67 | 1–4 | 187 |
| T1 | T1 | ||||||||||
| 8. Stress (T1) | .07 | .13 | .04 | .02 | .20** | − .37*** | − .20** | 2.42 | 0.43 | 1–4 | 188 |
| 9. Depression/anxiety (T1) | − .01 | .14 | − .07 | .00 | .18* | − .68*** | − .40*** | 1.12 | 0.77 | 0–4 | 187 |
| T2 | T2 | ||||||||||
| 8. Stress (T2) | .13 | .18* | .04 | − .08 | .23** | − .33*** | − .28*** | 2.37 | 0.49 | 1–4 | 178 |
| 9. Depression/anxiety (T2) | .05 | .15 | .00 | − .09 | .18* | − .52*** | − .41*** | 1.10 | 0.88 | 0–4 | 178 |
| T3 | T3 | ||||||||||
| 8. Stress (T3) | .06 | .22** | − .01 | − .01 | .17* | − .29*** | − .22** | 2.39 | 0.50 | 1–4 | 170 |
| 9. Depression/anxiety (T3) | .04 | .21** | − .06 | − .08 | .19* | − .49*** | − .34*** | 1.13 | 0.91 | 0–4 | 170 |
| T4 | T4 | ||||||||||
| 8. Stress (T4) | .10 | .11 | .12 | − .01 | .27** | − .22* | − .18 | 2.34 | 0.47 | 1–3 | 116 |
| 9. Depression/anxiety (T4) | .04 | .12 | .03 | − .01 | .23* | − .41*** | − .29** | 1.06 | 0.79 | 0–3 | 116 |
Significant correlations are bolded. For gender, educational level, ethnic identity, and living situations, Spearman correlations were conducted.
***p < .001; **p < .01; *p < .05.
a1 = male, 2 = female.
b1 = prevocational educational level, 2 = prevocational / senior general educational level, 3 = senior general / preuniversity educational level.
c1 = Western, 2 = mixed Western-non-Western, 3 = non-Western.
d1 = living situation with both parents, 2 = other.