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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Reprod Immunol. 2022 Jul 20;88(4):e13600. doi: 10.1111/aji.13600

Table 1:

Twin studies and segregation analysis of traits of families demonstrating the maternal and fetal genetic contributions

Study Type of Study Fetal genes Maternal genes Limitations
Boyd et al.33 Population epidemiology + No distinction between sPTB and medically-induced
Clausson et al.42 Twin mothers study NA + No distinction between sPTB and medically-induced
Kistka et al.41 Twin mothers study ++ No distinction between sPTB and medically-induced
Lunde et al.36 Population-based (parent-infant pair) + + Excluded births <35 weeks, used gestational age as quantitative trait
Plunkett et al.37 Segregation analysis (mother-infant pair) + ++ Potential confounding between maternal & fetal estimates
Svensson et al.39 Population epidemiology (Children of siblings) ++ Categorically defined preterm birth (<37 weeks)
Treloar et al44 Twin mothers study NA ++ No distinction between sPTB and medically-induced
Wilcox et al.46 Population epidemiology (mother-infant pair) ++ Categorically defined preterm birth (<37 weeks)
Wu et al.38 Population epidemiology (mother-infant pair) ++ Not able to control for environmental risk factors
York et al.40 Twin mothers study + + Excluded births <30 weeks
−,

No evidence of genetic contribution

+,

Moderate genetic contribution

++,

Strong genetic contribution

NA, Not available

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