Table 3.

Summary of studies on CC biomarkers discovered through proteomics

Article type	Population	Study period	Sample size	Source of sample	Platform/assay technique	Stage of research	Association to CC	Significance	References
Research article	NA	2011–2014	86 cases	Serum	ELISA	Case control study	Risk/susceptible marker Prognostic marker	Elevated serum SCC-Ag, hs-CRP, and CA-125	[75]
Research article	China	2012–2014	77 CC patients 44 CIN patients 43 controls	Serum	ELISA	Non-matched case control study	Diagnostic marker Prognostic marker	Gradual increase of sAng-2 concentration from normal control Decreased sAng-1/sAng-2 Potential roles of sAng-2 and sAng-1/sAng-2 ratio	[78]
Meta-analysis	NA	2000–2011	1306 patients	Serum, tissue	IHC ELISA RT-PCR	In vivo (clinical trial) Case control study	Prognostic marker	Over-expressed VEGF and VEGF-C	[77]
Research article	Sudan	NA	65 cervical carcinoma cases 10 inflammatory lesions samples (controls)	Tissue	IHC	Case control study	Prognostic marker	VEGF and Her-2	[76]
Research article	Thailand	2014–2015	24 urine samples from CC patient 13 urine samples from HPV-negative females	Cells, urine	LC–MS/MS Western blot	Case control study	Diagnostic marker	Upregulated urinary proteins of LRG1 and MMRN1 and downregulated S100A8, SERPINB3 and CD44	[81]
Research article	China	2015–2019	200 cases 200 healthy controls	Peripheral blood	Immunoassay	Case control study	Diagnostic marker	miRNA-29a, miRNA-25, miRNA-486-5p with SCC Ag	[8]
Research article	China	NA	3 normal controls (Ctrl) 3 EA 3 cervical AIS	Cervical mucus	LC–MS IHC	Case control study	Diagnostic marker Therapeutic marker	237, 256 and 242 differently expressed proteins in EA/Ctrl, AIS/Ctrl and AIS/EA comparison	[79]