Table 7.

Types of putative recombinant pneumococcal protein-based vaccines

• Exclusively protein-based, containing detoxified recombinant pneumococcal proteins individually or in combination

• Fusion/hybrid vaccines alone or packaged in nanoparticles/nanogels

• PCVs boosted with added recombinant pneumococcal proteins

• Novel PCVs based on recombinant pneumococcal carrier proteins

• Inactivated, non-encapsulated whole cell vaccines manipulated to express native, as well as a limited number of recombinant proteins

• Early phase nucleic acid vaccines (DNA and mRNA) expressing recombinant pneumococcal proteins