Table 5:
Physicochemical properties of capsaicin nanoparticle drugs
| Name of nanoparticle drug | Type of nanoparticle | Composition Of nanoparticle | Method of synthesis | Nano particle shape | Size (nm) | Poly dispersity index | Zeta potential (mV) | Drug loading efficiency (%) | Drug entrapment efficiency (%) | Stability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CND | Dendrimers | Oleoyl chloride bound to PEG 400 | Esterification reaction | Aggregates | 143.1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| CAP-HAP-PXS-NPs | Nanocomposite polymers | PXS polymers wrapped around HAP nanorods | Hydrothermal-poly condensation reaction | Aggregate clusters | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | Up to 10 days |
| CAP-SNEDDS | Self-assembling nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems | Isopropyl myristate, Tween-80 and ethanol | Dispersion and agitation | Spherical droplets | 60–80 | 0.24–0.43 | 37 | ND | 94–98 | Up to 90 days |
| CAP-TMC-NP | Polymeric nanoparticles | Trimethyl chitosan | Ionotropic gelation | Spherical | 294±53.3 | ND | −32.2 | ND | ND | ND |
| CAP-EW-MAGNETIC-NP | Magnetic nanocomposite polymers | Egg white coated cobalt-ferric oxide functioned zeolite hybrid | Dispersion and agitation | Spherical without aggregation | 24 | ND | −19.2 | 28 | ND | ND |
| NIR-CAP-Gold-NR-MSN-NP | Nanodots | Gold nanorods embedded in mesoporous silica nanoparticles | Modified Stober reaction | Spherical | 110 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| CAP-mPEG-PCL | Polymeric nanoparticles | mPEG-PCL block copolymer | Ring opening polymerization method | Spherical shape with hollow inner structure | 118±1.7 | ND | −8.3±1.9 | 9.4±2.3 | 76±5.1 | Up to one week |
| CAP-SLN | Solid lipid nanoparticle | Stearic acid Nanoemulsion with Tween-80 as the surfactant and sodium deoxycholate as co-surfactant | Solvent evaporation-emulsification technique | Spherical | 60±6 | 0.7±0.02 | −2 | 32.1±0.1 | 86.1±4.1 | Up to 45 hours |
| CAP-NANO-LIPO | Nanoliposome | Ratio of DPPC: Cholesterol: DSPE/PEG2000 =75:20:5 | Thin film hydration technique | Spherical | 118.5 | 0.13 | −13.9 | 0.75±0.2 | 32.1 | Up to 4 months |
| CFLN | Polymeric nanoparticles | DSPE-PEG | Thin film hydration technique | Spherical | 62.5 | Described as good, no values mentioned in the paper | ND | 9.5±1.4 | 95.5±2.4 | Up to 25 hours |
| CAP-FA-PLGA-PEG-NP | Polymeric nanoparticles | PEG and Polylactide decoglycolic acid | Oil-in-water emulsion Technique | Spherical | 213±5.2 | Less than 0.3 | 14.5±0.9 | 21.8±1.3 | 46±2.3 | Up to 90 days |
| CAP-BT-PNPP | Polymeric nanoparticles | PEG and Polylactide decoglycolide | Evaporation technique | Spherical | 83.4±0.5 | 0.152±0.03 | −7.1±0.3 | ND | ND | Up to 8 days |
| HA-PCL-CAP-NP | Polymeric nanoparticles | Poly ԑ-caprolactone | Nano precipitation | Spherical | 194±2.9 | 0.2±0.03 | −27.9±3.2 | 13±0.4 | 52.9±1.1 | Up to 3 months |
| CAP-Chi-NCAS | Polymeric nanoparticles | Chitosan | Solvent displacement technique | Spherical | 157±53 | 0.2±0.03 | −49.5±8.1 | ND | ~90 | ND |
| CAP-CS-NP | Polymeric nanoparticles | Chitosan | Ionotropic gelation | Spherical | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| MUC1-Apt-HSA-CAP-NP | Polymeric nanoparticles | Human serum albumin | Desolvation technique | Spherical | 52–120 | ND | −34.7 | ND | ND | ND |
| 1-SEDDS | Self-emulsifying hydrophobic nanoparticle drug delivery system | Tween-80 | Dispersion and agitation | Spherical without aggregation | 23±3.5 | 0.184 | ND | ND | 80–82 | ND |
| PTX-CAP-Fmoc-PEG-NM | Polymeric micelles | Polyethylene glycol | Thin Film dispersion method | Spherical without aggregation | 199.2–237.4 | ND | −0.51 | 12.06 | 94.2 | Up to 5 days |