Table 3.

Phytoconstituents of Walnut with its pharmacological activity

Plant parts	Phytochemical compound	Pharmacological activity	References
Leaves	Phenolic acids, tannins, essential fatty acids, ascorbic acid, flavonoids, caffeic acid, para-coumaric acid, juglone; Alkaloid; Saponin Flavonoids-Quercetin, galactoside, arabinoside, xyloside and rhamnoside; Naphthoquinones	Anti-oxidant activity, lipid-lowering effect, anti-hypertensive effect, anti-microbial effects, gastro-protective activity, hypercholesteremic activity Anti-diabetic effect, anti-cancer effect, hepato-protective activity, Anti-ageing activity	Rahimipanah et al. (2010), Zhang et al. (2009), Fukuda et al. (2004), Verma and Sharma (2020), Emira et al. (2011), Mohammed et al. (2018), Fang et al. (2015)
Green husk of fruits	Tannins, Glucose, citric acid, malic acid, phosphate, calcium oxalate, Juglone, polyphenols	Liver and kidney protective	Hiroshi et al. (2008), Parivash et al. (2011)
Fruits	Fatty acids, tocopherols, phytosterols, total phenolic-tannins	Anti-microbial effects, anti-oxidant activity, thyroid hormone enhancing activity	Deshpande et al. (2011), Poyrazolu and Biyik (2010)
Seeds	Glutelin, globulins, albumin and prolamins	Wound healing, Anticancer	Ruijun (2015), Rosaria et al. (2019), Akram et al. (2013)
Walnut oil	Poly unsaturated fatty acids, monoacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, triacylglycerol, oleic and linoleic acid	Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity	Ksenija et al. (2019), Verma et al. (2013), Verma and Sharma (2020)
Bark	Polyphenols	Antimicrobial activity, antimycobacterial activity, antioxidant activity, antifungal activity, platelet aggregation, bleeding time, plasma coagulation	Jamshid et al. (2011), Hubert and Grzegorg (2015), Tuqa et al. (2017), Verma and Sharma (2020)
Stem	Juglone, sitosterol, ascorbic acid, quercetin-3-larabinoside, phenols, flavonoids, naphthoquinones	Antifungal activity	Emira et al. (2011), Mohammed et al. (2018), Verma and Sharma (2020)
Flower	Gallic acid, coumarin, quercetin, polyphenols, flavonoids, sterols, fat, protein, vitamin, minerals	Antidepressant, antihypoxic, anti-inflammatory	Raheleh et al. (2016), Verma and Sharma (2020)