Table 2.

Utility scores and costs for stable GOLD states, and costs of providing a domiciliary NIV service

	Utility GOLD stage 3	Utility GOLD stage 4
Sample size	299	37
Mean utility score (SE)	0.678 (0.015)	0.601 (0.042)
Type of healthcare	Cost GOLD stage 3	Cost GOLD stage 4
Routine healthcare	£39.91/month	£77.33/month
Routine pharmacotherapy	£50.42/month	£54.71/month
Moderate exacerbation	£140.40 per episode
Severe exacerbation	£2283.18 per episode

Estimation of the cost of providing a domiciliary NIV service
Cost type	Cost	Unit cost source	Resource use source
Equipment costs
NIV equipment for domiciliary use	£2939.69	Supplier estimates	Clinician estimates of use of machines and cost estimate from firms
NIV equipment for domiciliary use monthly cost	£48.99	Depreciated over 5 years
Set-up costs
NIV set-up and assessment month 1	£482.82	National Tariff Payment System 2019/2035	Expert opinion
NIV Follow-up in m3: 1 × Consultant led outpatient app+1 × Blood gas test	£157.16 + £194	NHS reference costs 2018/201936	Expert opinion
Annual costs therefore
2 × blood gas test conducted at routine follow-up	2 × £194	NHS reference costs 2018/201936	Expert opinion
1 x annual NIV assessment and consumable provision	£650	Estimate	Expert opinion
Monthly costs
First 3 months	£294.32	Includes equipment and set-up costs
>3 months	£90.58	Includes equipment and annual monitor and service costs

GOLD, Global Iniative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; NHS, National Health Service; NIV, Non-Invasive ventilation.