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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Semin Cancer Biol. 2022 Mar 26;86(Pt 2):499–510. doi: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.03.021

Figure 1: Role of cytokine in PDAC pathology.

Figure 1:

A) Involvement of cytokines secreted from various cell types during different steps of tumor initiation. B) Cytokine milieu secreted by immune cells present in TME driving tumor progression from low-grade to high-grade lesions. C) The crosstalk between various cell types within the TME orchestrating complex metastatic events resulting in EMT, invasion, extravasation, and dislodging of tumor cells into the vasculature D) Cytokines, either free or loaded in exosomes, create lung or liver tissue-specific premetastatic (PM) niche while circulating tumor cells (CTCs) interact with platelets or endothelial cells and colonize to a favorable niche at the metastatic sites (Mets). Figure created with BioRender.com