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. 2022 Sep 12;9:1000700. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1000700

Table 2.

Variables significantly associated with 1-year mortality according to sex.

Men Women
No event (n = 276) Event (n = 32) HR CI 95% p-value No event (n = 165) Event (n = 26) HR CI 95% p-value
Malignancy* 55 (19%) 13 (40.6%) 2.66 [1.31; 5.39] 0.007 28 (17.0%) 6 (23.1%) 1.51 [0.60; 3.76] 0.377
Hemoglobin (g/dl)* 13.9 (1.66) 12.1 (2.01) 0.56 [0.47; 0.68] <0.001 12.8 (1.32) 12.3 (1.83) 0.77 [0.58; 1.02] 0.072
Platelets (× 103 /μl) 178 (48.0) 187 (64.8) 1.00 [1.00; 1.01] 0.331 205 (59.9) 184 (52.9) 0.99 [0.99; 1.00] 0.035
Lymphocites (× 103/μl)* 1.92 (1.09) 1.42 (0.59) 0.38 [0.21; 0.69] 0.001 2.08 (1.65) 1.59 (0.76) 0.64 [0.40; 1.02] 0.058
eGFR (ml/min/1.72 m2)* 54.6 (17.1) 45.0 (17.3) 0.97 [0.95; 0.99] 0.002 49.8 (17.5) 48.3 (18.1) 0.99 [0.97; 1.02] 0.562
Urea (mg/dl)* 64.3 (30) 81.5 (42) 1.01 [1.00; 1.02] 0.002 66.9 (31) 77.1 (37) 1.01 [1.00; 1.02] 0.095
Sodium (mEq/L)* 141 (3) 139 (4) 0.81 [0.74; 0 0.91] <0.001 141 (3) 141 (3) 1.00 [0.88; 1.13] 0.968
NT-proBNP (pg/ml)* 2586 (3272) 6202 (7567) 1.00 [1.00; 1.00] <0.001 2437 (3388) 3725 (3178) 1.00 [1.00; 1.00] 0.014
Albumin (mg/dl)* 4.15 (0.41) 3.92 (0.50) 0.27 [0.11; 0.65] 0.003 4.10 (0.42) 4.06 (0.44) 0.55 [0.16; 1.92] 0.348
Non-dilated right ventricle (%) 224 (83.6%) 25 (80.6%) 0.80 [0.33; 1.95] 0.626 146 (89.6%) 12 (57.1%) 0.20 [0.08; 0.47] <0.001
Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (mmHg) 38.6 (11.8) 42.3 (12.2) 1.03 [1.00; 1.06] 0.072 38.8 (12.9) 49.8 (20.1) 1.03 [1.01; 1.05] 0.004
Significant tricuspid regurgitation 29 (10.7%) 4 (12.9%) 1.45 [0.51; 4.16] 0.487 22 (13.6%) 11 (42.3%) 3.94 [1.80; 8.63] 0.001
Significant mitral regurgitation 39 (14.3%) 8 (25.8%) 1.91 [0.85; 4.27] 0.116 18 (11.1%) 8 (30.8%) 4.31 [1.80; 10.3] 0.001
TAPSE (mm)*, 18.3 (4.1) 16 (2.8) 0.88 [0.79; 0.97] 0.012 18.7 (3.7) 16.7 (4.3) 0.88 [0.79; 0.99] 0.032
Diuretic mean dose (mg of furosemide)*, 55.1 (36.2) 80.8 (45.1) 1.01 [1.01; 1.02] 0.001 57.9 (32.3) 78.0 (45.8) 1.01 [1.00; 1.02] 0.004
Frailty (FRAIL)* 37 (13.4%) 10 (31.2%) 3.18 (1.29–7.83) 0.012 54 (32.7%) 10 (38.5%) 5.79 (0.74−45.3) 0.094
Frailty (CFS)* 23 (8.33%) 9 (28.1%) 4.53 (2.08–9.89) <0.001 36 (21.8%) 5 (19.2%) 0.84 (0.32- 2.24) 0.732
Frailty (mobility visual scale ≥2)* 120 (43.5%) 21 (65.6%) 2.61 (1.26–5.43) 0.010 107 (64.8%) 21 (80.8%) 2.35 (0.88–6.24) 0.086
Malnutrition (MNA-SF ≤11)* 109 (39.5%) 21 (65.6%) 2.86 (1.38–5.94) 0.005 87 (52.7%) 18 (69.2%) 1.98 (0.86–4.57) 0.107

CFS, Clinical Frailty Scale; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; MNA-SF, Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Formulary; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion.

*Variables significantly associated with 1-year mortality in men.

Variables significantly associated with 1-year mortality in women.