Table 3.
Variables significantly associated with 1-year mortality or readmission according to sex.
| Men | Women | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No event (n = 191) | Event (n = 117) | HR CI 95% | p-value | No event (n = 106) | Event (n = 85) | HR CI 95% | p-value | |
| Atrial fibrillation*,† | 88 (46.1%) | 75 (64.1%) | 1.83 [1.25; 2.67] | 0.002 | 50 (47.2%) | 50 (58.8%) | 1.62 [1.05; 2.51] | 0.028 |
| Number of previous HF admissions* | 0.36 (0.59) | 0.56 (0.87) | 1.44 [1.15; 1.80] | 0.001 | 0.53 (1.27) | 0.56 (0.68) | 1.02 [0.84; 1.23] | 0.874 |
| NYHA class ≥II* | 150 (78.5%) | 105 (89.7%) | 2.07 [1.14; 3.77] | 0.017 | 89 (84.0%) | 78 (91.8%) | 1.62 [0.75; 3.52] | 0.220 |
| Chronic pulmonary obstructive disease* | 27 (14.1%) | 33 (28.2%) | 1.99 [1.33; 2.99] | 0.001 | 6 (5.66%) | 8 (9.41%) | 1.30 [0.63; 2.69] | 0.485 |
| Chronic oxygen supply† | 4 (2.09%) | 3 (2.56%) | 1.57 [0.50; 4.94] | 0.444 | 4 (3.77%) | 11 (12.9%) | 1.99 [1.05; 3.75] | 0.034 |
| Peripheral artery disease* | 19 (9.95%) | 27 (23.1%) | 1.87 [1.22; 2.88] | 0.004 | 6 (5.71%) | 3 (3.53%) | 0.73 [0.23; 2.31] | 0.593 |
| Malignancy* | 35 (18.3%) | 33 (28.2%) | 1.55 [1.04; 2.33] | 0.032 | 18 (17.0%) | 16 (18.8%) | 1.08 [0.62; 1.86] | 0.792 |
| Peripheral congestion* | 21 (11.1%) | 26 (22.2%) | 1.97 [1.28; 3.06] | 0.002 | 13 (12.3%) | 10 (11.8%) | 1.08 [0.56; 2.10] | 0.817 |
| Pulmonary rales*,† | 9 (4.74%) | 14 (12.0%) | 2.46 [1.40; 4.32] | 0.002 | 2 (1.89%) | 13 (15.3%) | 4.13 [2.26; 7.52] | <0.001 |
| Jugular venous distention*,† | 6 (3.14%) | 9 (7.69%) | 2.19 [1.11; 4.33] | 0.024 | 1 (0.95%) | 6 (7.06%) | 3.43 [1.47; 7.97] | 0.004 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl)*,† | 13.9 (1.63) | 13.3 (1.97) | 0.84 [0.76; 0.93] | 0.001 | 12.9 (1.34) | 12.6 (1.46) | 0.86 [0.73; 1.00] | 0.047 |
| Lymphocites (× 103/μl)*,† | 1.97 (1.18) | 1.70 (0.81) | 0.70 [0.55; 0.91] | 0.007 | 2.23 (1.90) | 1.75 (0.97) | 0.76 [0.60; 0.97] | 0.025 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl)* | 1.30 (0.41) | 1.46 (0.75) | 1.39 [1.11; 1.73] | 0.004 | 1.21 (0.80) | 1.19 (0.41) | 1.00 [0.72; 1.38] | 0.994 |
| Urea (mg/dl)*,† | 62.8 (30.7) | 71.2 (34.9) | 1.01 [1.00; 1.01] | 0.011 | 63.3 (28.0) | 74.2 (36.5) | 1.01 [1.00; 1.01] | 0.030 |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, ml/min/1.72 m2)* | 55.1 (16.7) | 51.2 (18.2) | 0.99 [0.98; 1.00] | 0.030 | 50.4 (17.8) | 48.7 (17.3) | 1.00 [0.98; 1.01] | 0.561 |
| Sodium (mEq/L)* | 141 (3.05) | 140 (3.29) | 0.92 [0.87; 0.98] | 0.005 | 141 (3.27) | 141 (2.95) | 0.98 [0.92; 1.05] | 0.647 |
| Albumin (mg/dl)* | 4.17 (0.38) | 4.05 (0.48) | 0.48 [0.29; 0.78] | 0.003 | 4.11 (0.39) | 4.09 (0.45) | 0.68 [0.35; 1.30] | 0.239 |
| NT-proBNP (pg/ml)* | 2356 (3092) | 3911 (5102) | 1.00 [1.00; 1.00] | <0.001 | 2686 (3993) | 2536 (2487) | 1.00 [1.00; 1.00] | 0.781 |
| Transferrin (mg/dl)* | 235 (45.6) | 219 (48.1) | 0.99 [0.99; 1.00] | 0.014 | 238 (45.1) | 237 (51.9) | 1.00 [0.99; 1.00] | 0.798 |
| Left ventricle hypertrophy* | 84 (45.4%) | 66 (58.4%) | 1.67 [1.14; 2.43] | 0.008 | 43 (41.7%) | 39 (47.6%) | 1.35 [0.87; 2.09] | 0.178 |
| Non-dilated right ventricle (%)† | 157 (85.3%) | 92 (80.0%) | 0.71 [0.45; 1.12] | 0.138 | 98 (94.2%) | 60 (75.0%) | 0.34 [0.21; 0.57] | <0.001 |
| Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (mmHg)*,† | 37.1 (11.0) | 42.2 (12.7) | 1.03 [1.01; 1.05] | 0.001 | 37.7 (12.6) | 43.9 (16.2) | 1.02 [1.00; 1.03] | 0.022 |
| Significant tricuspid regurgitation† | 21 (11.2%) | 12 (10.4%) | 1.07 [0.59; 1.95] | 0.819 | 12 (11.5%) | 21 (25.0%) | 1.97 [1.20; 3.23] | 0.008 |
| Diuretic mean dose (mg of furosemide)*,† | 50.7 (33.0) | 67.4 (42.1) | 1.01 [1.00; 1.01] | <0.001 | 53.8 (31.6) | 69.3 (37.9) | 1.01 [1.00; 1.01] | 0.005 |
| Comorbidity (Charlson index)* | 3.03 (1.89) | 3.80 (2.07) | 1.16 [1.06; 1.26] | 0.001 | 2.65 (1.59) | 3.02 (1.85) | 1.06 [0.94; 1.20] | 0.319 |
| Independency (Barthel index ≥90) * | 168 (88.0%) | 94 (80.3%) | 0.59 [0.37; 0.93] | 0.022 | 80 (75.5%) | 61 (71.8%) | 0.86 [0.54; 1.38] | 0.540 |
| Frailty (FRAIL)* | 20 (10.5%) | 27 (23.1%) | 2.57 [1.55; 4.26] | <0.001 | 33 (31.1%) | 31 (36.5%) | 1.54 [0.79; 3.01] | 0.201 |
| Frailty (CFS ≥4)*,† | 11 (5.76%) | 21 (17.9%) | 3.07 [1.91; 4.94] | <0.001 | 17 (16.0%) | 24 (28.2%) | 1.78 [1.11; 2.86] | 0.018 |
| Frailty (mobility visual scale ≥2)* | 77 (40.3%) | 64 (54.7%) | 1.68 [1.17; 2.42] | 0.005 | 68 (64.2%) | 60 (70.6%) | 1.22 [0.77; 1.95] | 0.396 |
| Depression* | 55 (28.8%) | 46 (39.3%) | 1.50 [1.03; 2.17] | 0.034 | 52 (49.1%) | 48 (56.5%) | 1.29 [0.84; 1.99] | 0.239 |
| Average prescribed drugs* | 9.28 (3.09) | 10.2 (3.31) | 1.07 [1.01; 1.13] | 0.015 | 9.27 (3.33) | 10.1 (3.22) | 1.05 [0.99; 1.11] | 0.135 |
CFS, Clinical Frailty Scale; MNA-SF, Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Formulary.
*Variables significantly associated with 1-year mortality in men.
†Variables significantly associated with 1-year mortality in women.