Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Descriptive statistics (mean [std]) and T-test results of news-level topic characteristics
| Language | Variable | Fake news | Real news | t-value (F-R) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | topic uncertainty | 1.377 [0.898] | 1.276 [0.887] | 9.112 | < .001*** |
| topic concentration | 0.195 [0.262] | 0.252 [0.316] | –15.763 | < .001*** | |
| Chinese | topic uncertainty | 1.335 [0.859] | 1.069 [0.759] | 7.693 | < .001*** |
| topic concentration | 0.273 [0.264] | 0.370 [0.325] | –8.557 | < .001*** |
