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. 2022 Sep 12;13:916714. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.916714

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Copyright © 2022 Ferrer-Mallol, Matthews, Stoodley, Gaeta, George, Reuben, Johnson and Davies.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Plot (A) shows the normalised distance between the heels (blue) and big toes (orange) throughout a video from participant 2 (age 13) completing the sit-to-stand test. Plot (B) shows the horizontal distance between the heel and toe of each foot (values are positive when the heels are pointing outward relative to the toes), with the right foot (blue) remaining toes turned out (below the dashed line) and the left foot (orange) tending to have toes turned in. The feet remain relatively close together, but the left heel slides outwards [as seen in the annotated image of frame 38 (C)] when the participant stands up. Distances are normalised by the lower leg length.