Table 1.
Use of infant formula in newborns in rooming in according to maternal geographic and sociodemographic characteristics. Brazil, 2011–2012 (n = 14,531).
| Variables | n (%) | Use of infant formula (%) | OR crude (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Geographic region | 0.071 | |||
| North | 1,775 (12.2) | 13.3 | 1 | |
| Midwest | 937 (6.4) | 30.8 | 2.88 (1.48–5.60) | |
| South | 1,990 (13.7) | 21.0 | 1.72 (0.94–3.13) | |
| Northeast | 4,349 (29.9) | 19.7 | 1.58 (0.84–2.97) | |
| Southeast | 5.482 (37.7) | 23.3 | 1.97 (1.48–5.60) | |
| Area of residence | 0.705 | |||
| Capital | 5,692 (39.2) | 21.9 | 1 | |
| Interior | 8,839 (60.8) | 20.7 | 0.92 (0.62–1.37) | |
| Self-reported skin color | < 0.001 | |||
| White | 4,581 (31.5) | 25.3 | 1.41(1.19–1.67) | |
| Non-white | 9,946 (68.5) | 19.3 | 1 | |
| Maternal age | < 0.001 | |||
| 12–19 years | 2,971 (20.4) | 15.6 | 0.66 (0.56–0.78) | |
| 20–34 years | 10,198 (70.2) | 21.8 | 1 | |
| ≥ 35 years | 1,358 (9.4) | 28.5 | 1.43 (1.24–1.64) | |
| Education | < 0.001 | |||
| Incomplete primary education | 4,058 (28.1) | 15.0 | 0.30 (0.21–0.43) | |
| Complete primary education | 3,888 (26.9) | 17.3 | 0.35 (0.25–0.49) | |
| Complete secondary education | 5,499 (38.0) | 25.7 | 0.59 (0.44–0.78) | |
| Complete higher education plus | 1,017 (7.0) | 36.8 | 1 | |
| Parity | < 0.001 | |||
| Primipara | 6,593 (45.4) | 25.4 | 1 | |
| Multipara | 7,938 (54.6) | 17.7 | 0.63 (0.55–0.71) | |
| Economic class | < 0.001 | |||
| A or B | 3,085 (21.4) | 30.2 | 1 | |
| C | 7,641 (53.0) | 21.1 | 0.61 (0.47–0.79) | |
| D or E | 3,683 (25.6) | 14.0 | 0.37 (0.27–0.51) | |
| Head of the family (the woman herself) | 0.848 | |||
| Yes | 1,532 (10.7) | 21.4 | 1.02 (0.78–1.35) | |
| No | .12,749 (89.3) | 21.0 | 1 | |
| Marital status | 0.659 | |||
| Without a partner | 2,739 (18.9) | 20.5 | 0.95 (0.76–1.18) | |
| With a partner | 11,777 (81.1) | 21, 3 | 1 |
CI, confidence interval.