Table 2.

Median perceived immigration and policy effects scores across subscales by pandemic time period and overall (N = 187).

	Discrimination subscale scores			Social isolation subscale scores			Threat to family subscale scores			Total PIPES scores
Pandemic time period	Median	Min. –max.	% >Overall median	Median	Min.–max.	% >Overall median	Median	Min.–max.	% >Overall median	Median	Min.–max.	% >Overall median
Overall (N = 187)	1.0	1.0–2.7	41.7	1.0	1.0–3.8	39.6	1.3	1.0–5.0	47.1	1.2	1.0–3.2	48.7
Pre-pandemic (N = 128)	1.0	1.0–2.7	36.7	1.0	1.0–3.8	32.0	1.3	1.0–5.0	46.1	1.1	1.0–3.2	46.9
Early pandemic (N = 38)	1.4	1.0–2.6	63.2	1.5	1.0–3.0	68.4	1.5	1.0–4.7	50.0	1.4	1.0–2.7	57.9
Later pandemic (N = 21)	1.0	1.0–1.5	33.3	1.0	1.0–2.4	33.3	1.3	1.0–2.3	47.6	1.1	1.0–1.6	42.9
P value*	<0.01			<0.01			0.4			0.02

PIPES: Perceived Immigration Policy Effects Scale.

^*The associations between average PIPES subscale scores and COVID-19 timepoints were evaluated using the Kruskal–Wallis tests.