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. 2022 Sep 13;2(2):e37635. doi: 10.2196/37635

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©Hannah Stevens, Muhammad Ehab Rasul, Yoo Jung Oh. Originally published in JMIR Infodemiology (https://infodemiology.jmir.org), 13.09.2022.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR Infodemiology, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on https://infodemiology.jmir.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.

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Negative emotion predicting the odds of severe toxicity, threat, profanity, insult, and identity attack. Scores for anger, anxiety, and sadness were computed using the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count computerized coding tool that measures psychological processes in texts by counting the percentage of words in a given tweet that fall into prespecified categories.