Table 1.
List of preclinical studies and current clinical trials using ligand-based CAR-T cells in course.
| References | Ligand | Target | CAR structure | Disease | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Preclinical studies | (30) | IL-11 | IL11-Rα | IL11 - CD28 -CD3 ζ | OS and lung metastases |
| (31) | Adnectin | EGFR | Adnectin- CD28 - 4-1BB - CD3 ζ | Lung cancer | |
| (32) | FLT3L | FLT3 | FLT3L - 4-1BB - CD3 ζ | AML | |
| (33) | GM-CSF | GMR | GM-CSF - CD28 - CD3 ζ | AML, JMML | |
| (34) | EPHRIN B2 | EPHB4 | EPHRIN B2 -CD28 - CD3 ζ | RMS | |
| (35) | Tri-APRIL | BCMA/TACI | Tri-APRIL - 4-1BB - CD3 ζ | MM | |
| (36) | TPO | MPL R | TPO – CD28 - CD3 ζ | AML | |
| (37) | IL-10 | IL-10R | IL-10 - 4-1BB - CD3 ζ | AML | |
| (38) | CD27 | CD70 | CD27- CD3 ζ | Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, AML | |
| Clinical trials | NCT02208362 | IL-13 | IL-13Rα2 | IL-13(E13Y) - 4-1BB - CD3 ζ | Glioma |
| NCT01818323 | T1E | ErbB 1-4 | T1E - CD28 - CD3 ζ | HNSCC | |
| NCT03287804 | APRIL | BCMA/TACI | APRIL - CD28 - OX40 - CD3 ζ | MM | |
| NCT04661384 | IL-13 | IL-13Rα2 | IL-13(E13Y) - 4-1BB - CD3 ζ | Leptomeningeal glioblastoma, Ependymoma or medulloblastoma |
OS, osteosarcoma; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; FLT3L, FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand; FLT3, FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3; AML, acute myeloid leukemia; GM-CSF, granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor; GMR, granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor; JMML, juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia; EPHB4, ephrin type-B receptor 4; RMS, rhabdomyosarcoma; APRIL, a proliferation-inducing ligand; BCMA, B-cell maturation antigen; TACI, transmembrane activator and calcium-modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor; TPO, thrombopoietin; MPLR, myeloproliferative leukemia receptor; MM, multiple myeloma; HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The clinical trials are collected from clinicaltrials.gov.