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. 2022 Sep 26;21:92. doi: 10.1186/s12944-022-01702-1

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 6 — A graphic illustration of the hypothetical mechanisms related to fat quality, gut microbiota, and circulating cholesterol as outlined in the discussion. Replacing SFAs with PUFAs for three days did not affect the levels of bile acids and SCFAs in the circulation. However, gut bacteria may convert cholesterol in the intestine to coprostanol, which is secreted in feces, and hence the circulating levels of cholesterol will decrease. The figure was created with BioRender.com. Abbreviations: PUFAs: polyunsaturated fatty acids, SCFAs: short-chain fatty acids, SFAs: saturated fatty acids