TABLE 4.

The antitumor effects of flavonoids through control the expression inflammation mediators.

Flavonoids	Tumor type	Study model	Gene-targets	Mechanism of action	References
Quercetin	Lung cancer	In vitro	NF-κB	Induce tumor cell apoptosis	Youn et al. (2013)
Luteolin	Lung cancer	In vitro	NF-kB (p65)	Induce TNF-mediated apoptotic cell death	Cai et al. (2011)
EGCG	Lung cancer	In vitro	AP-1, MAPK, NF-κB, and COX-2	Inhibits tumor growth and metastasis	Zhang et al. (2019)
Genistein	Gastric cancer	In vitro and In vivo	NF-κB/COX-2	Inhibits angiogenesis and metastasis. Suppresses mortality, tumor number, tumor burden and chemical-induced inflammatory responses	(Ma et al., 2011), (Khan et al., 2012)
Quercetin	Colorectal cancer	In vitro	NF-κB	Induce tumor cell apoptosis	Zhang et al. (2015)
Naringenin	Colorectal cancer	In vitro	NF-κB/p65	Induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest	Abaza et al. (2015)
Xanthohumol	Liver cancer	In vitro	NF-κB/p53	Induce apoptosis, modulating the NF-κB/p53 and the Notch1 signaling pathways	Zhao et al. (2016)
Xanthohumol	Cervical cancer	In vitro	NF-κB	Decrease expression of CXCR4, inhibits cell invasion induced by CXCL12	García-Zepeda et al. (2013)
Apigenin	Prostate cancer	In vitro	NF-κB/Akt	Induce apoptosis, inhibits cell invasion, motility	Erdogan et al. (2016)
Apigenin	Breast cancer	In vitro	NF-κB	Reduce TNF-α and IL-1β expression	Nicholas et al. (2007)

EGCG, epigallocatechin-3-gallate; IL-1β, interleukin -1β; NF-κB, nuclear and cytoplasmic nuclear factor kappa B; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; COX-2, cyclooxygenase 2; AP-1, activating protein-1; CXCR4, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4; CXCL12, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12.