TABLE 5.
Flavonoids | Tumor type | Study model | Gene-targets | Mechanism of action | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Irigenin | Gastric cancer | In vitro and in vivo | Caspase-8/-9/-3, PARP, FADD, DR5, Bax, c-FLIP, Bcl-2 and Survivin | Reduce tumor growth and suppresses tumor progression | Xu et al. (2018) |
2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methylnaphthyridin-4-one (CSC-3436) | Triple-negative breast cancer | In vitro | c-FLIPS/L, Bcl-Xl, Bcl-2, Survivin, XIAP, and ROS/p38/C/EBP- CHOP signaling pathway | Sensitizes of tumor cell to chemotherapy | Huang et al. (2021) |
Icariin | Colon cancer | In vitro and In vivo | ROS, ERK and CHOP | Sensitizes of tumor cell to chemotherapy and reduce tumor growth | Kim et al. (2020) |
Luteolin | non-small cell lung cancer | In vitro | DR5 and Drp1 | Sensitizes of tumor cell to chemotherapy | Wu et al. (2020) |
2'-hydroxy-4-methylsulfonylchalcone (RG003) | Prostate cancer | In vitro | Bcl-2, PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, and COX-2 | Increases poly-ADP-ribose polymerase cleavage and DNA fragmentation. Reduces inflammation and stimulate of apoptosis | Ismail et al. (2015) |
Morusin | Glioblastoma | In vitro | EGFR, DR5, Survivin, XIAP, PDFGR, STAT3 | Decreases cell viability and increases apoptosis | Park et al. (2016) |
EGCG | Nasopharyngeal carcinoma | In vitro | Bcl-XL, Bcl-2, FADD, c-FLIP, caspase-8/-9/-3, p65, NF-κB, XIAP and Survivin | Modulate of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways | Li et al. (2017) |
Galangin | Renal carcinoma | In vitro | NF-κB, Bcl-2, c-FLIP, Mcl-1 and Survivin | Increases apoptosis and tumor growth | Han et al. (2016) |
EGCG, epigallocatechin-3-gallate; PARP, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase; FADD, FAS-associated protein with death domain; DR5, death receptor 5; c-FLIP, cellular-FLICE inhibitory protein; Bax, Bcl-2-associated X protein; Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2; Bcl-Xl, B-cell lymphoma-extra-large; XIAP, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein; ROS, reactive oxygen species; CHOP, C/EBP-homologous protein; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; DR5, death receptor 5; Drp1, dynamin-related protein 1; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinases; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; PDFGR, platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha; STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; FADD, FAS-associated death domain protein; Mcl-1, myeloid-cell leukemia 1.