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. 2022 Sep 12;10:1011435. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1011435

TABLE 5.

The antitumor effects of flavonoids by regulation the expression of TRAIL-induced apoptosis.

Flavonoids Tumor type Study model Gene-targets Mechanism of action References
Irigenin Gastric cancer In vitro and in vivo Caspase-8/-9/-3, PARP, FADD, DR5, Bax, c-FLIP, Bcl-2 and Survivin Reduce tumor growth and suppresses tumor progression Xu et al. (2018)
2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methylnaphthyridin-4-one (CSC-3436) Triple-negative breast cancer In vitro c-FLIPS/L, Bcl-Xl, Bcl-2, Survivin, XIAP, and ROS/p38/C/EBP- CHOP signaling pathway Sensitizes of tumor cell to chemotherapy Huang et al. (2021)
Icariin Colon cancer In vitro and In vivo ROS, ERK and CHOP Sensitizes of tumor cell to chemotherapy and reduce tumor growth Kim et al. (2020)
Luteolin non-small cell lung cancer In vitro DR5 and Drp1 Sensitizes of tumor cell to chemotherapy Wu et al. (2020)
2'-hydroxy-4-methylsulfonylchalcone (RG003) Prostate cancer In vitro Bcl-2, PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, and COX-2 Increases poly-ADP-ribose polymerase cleavage and DNA fragmentation. Reduces inflammation and stimulate of apoptosis Ismail et al. (2015)
Morusin Glioblastoma In vitro EGFR, DR5, Survivin, XIAP, PDFGR, STAT3 Decreases cell viability and increases apoptosis Park et al. (2016)
EGCG Nasopharyngeal carcinoma In vitro Bcl-XL, Bcl-2, FADD, c-FLIP, caspase-8/-9/-3, p65, NF-κB, XIAP and Survivin Modulate of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways Li et al. (2017)
Galangin Renal carcinoma In vitro NF-κB, Bcl-2, c-FLIP, Mcl-1 and Survivin Increases apoptosis and tumor growth Han et al. (2016)

EGCG, epigallocatechin-3-gallate; PARP, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase; FADD, FAS-associated protein with death domain; DR5, death receptor 5; c-FLIP, cellular-FLICE inhibitory protein; Bax, Bcl-2-associated X protein; Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2; Bcl-Xl, B-cell lymphoma-extra-large; XIAP, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein; ROS, reactive oxygen species; CHOP, C/EBP-homologous protein; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; DR5, death receptor 5; Drp1, dynamin-related protein 1; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinases; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; PDFGR, platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha; STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; FADD, FAS-associated death domain protein; Mcl-1, myeloid-cell leukemia 1.

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