TABLE 7.

The antitumor effect of flavonoids by regulation of integrins.

Flavonoids	Tumor type	Study model	Gene-targets	Mechanism of action	References
Pristimerin	Triple-negative breast cancer	In vitro and in vivo	E-cadherin, N-cadherin and integrin β3	Inhibits tumor growth and EMT reversion	Liu et al. (2021)
Deguelin	Non-small cell lung cancer	In vitro and in vivo	CtsZ/FAK/Src/Paxillin and integrin β3	Anti-metastatic effect	Li et al. (2018)
Baicalein	Gastric cancer	In vitro	miR-7/FAK/AKT signaling pathway	Inhibits cell proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis	Qiao et al. (2022)
Erybraedin A	Non-small-cell lung cancer	In vitro	Integrin β1, integrin β3 and Src	Block the Src-mediated adhesion and survival of tumor cells	Min et al. (2018)
Silibinin	Prostate cancer	In vitro and in vivo	Integrins (α5, αV, β1 and β3), FAK, Src, GTPases, ARP2 and cortactin, cPARP, caspase 3), E-cadherin, β-catenin, survivin, and Akt	Inhibits tumor cells motility, invasiveness and survival	Deep et al. (2014)
Luteolin	Non-small cell lung cancer	In vitro	Integrin β1 and FAK	Inhibits hypoxia-induced proliferation, motility and adhesion in the cells	Ruan et al. (2012)
Silibinin	Highly metastatic human breast cancer	In vitro	β1-integrin, Raf-1, Cdc42 and D4-GDI	Inhibits proliferation, migration and adhesion of tumor cells	Dastpeyman et al. (2012)
EGCG	Medulloblastoma	In vitro	α2-integrin, α3-integrin and β1-integrin	Inhibits cell invasion	Pilorget et al. (2003)

EGCG, epigallocatechin-3-gallate; CtsZ, cathepsin Z; FAK, focal adhesion kinase; ARP2, actin related protein 2; cPARP, cleaved poly-ADP ribose polymerase; Cdc42, cell division cycle 42; D4-GDI, D4-guanine diphosphate (GDP)–dissociation inhibitor (GDI).