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. 2021 Sep 28;150(4 Suppl):41S–48S. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000009673

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2.

There are multiple root causes of NAD+ decline. Older cells exhibit excessive NAD+ consumption due to chronic inflammation and DNA damage which increases the activity of the NAD+ consumers CD38 and the PARPs. At the same time, reduced expression of the NAMPT enzyme means the salvage pathway is less efficient at recycling NAD+, resulting in cells that struggle to meet the demand for NAD+.