TABLE 2.
Association of PCOS with NASH, adjusted for baseline demographic and metabolic covariates
| Characteristic | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis a | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p value | AOR (95% CI) | p value | |
| PCOS | 1.11 (0.97–1.28) | 0.170 | 1.22 (1.05–1.42) | 0.008 |
| Age | 1.03 (1.03–1.04) | <0.001 | 1.03 (1.02–1.03) | <0.001 |
| Race (ref. group, White) | ||||
| Black | 0.56 (0.50–0.63) | <0.001 | 0.59 (0.52–0.66) | <0.001 |
| Hispanic | 0.66 (0.59–0.74) | <0.001 | 0.78 (0.70–0.87) | <0.001 |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 0.41 (0.31–0.55) | <0.001 | 0.50 (0.37‐ | <0.001 |
| Native American | 1.29 (0.95–1.75) | 0.097 | 0.66) | 0.265 |
| Other | 0.64 (0.45–0.90) | 0.011 | 1.19 (0.88–1.60) 0.76 (0.53–1.08) | 0.125 |
| Location (ref. group, urban) | ||||
| Metropolitan 50,000‐999,000 | 1.34 (1.21–1.48) | <0.001 | 1.17 (1.06–1.29) | 0.002 |
| Micropolitan | 1.85 (1.66–2.06) | <0.001 | 1.46 (1.31–1.63) | <0.001 |
| Insurance (ref. group, Medicare) | ||||
| Medicaid | 0.46 (0.41–0.51) | <0.001 | 0.60 (0.54–0.67) | <0.001 |
| Private | 0.43 (0.39–0.48) | <0.001 | 0.54 (0.49–0.60) | <0.001 |
| Other/unknown | 0.42 (0.36–0.48) | <0.001 | 0.53 (0.45–0.61) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 1.99 (1.85–2.15) | <0.001 | 1.83 (1.68–2.00) | <0.001 |
| Obese | 1.08 (0.99–1.17) | 0.079 | 1.07 (0.98–1.17) | 0.123 |
| Dyslipidemia | 1.27 (1.17–1.37) | <0.001 | 0.91 (0.84–0.99) | 0.048 |
| Hypertension | 1.07 (1.01–1.15) | 0.034 | 0.83 (0.77–0.89) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; OR, odds ratio; PCOS, polycystic ovary syndrome; ref., reference.
a
Composite diabetes (uncomplicated plus complicated as defined in Table 1) used for adjustment in multivariate analysis.