TABLE 1.
Study | Type of study | Location | Study period | Total enrolled | With cirrhosis | With HCC | Male % | Mean age | Surveillance modality |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Atiq et al.[ 34 ] | retrospective | USA | Jul 2010–Jul 2013 | 680 | 680 | 78 | 64.7 | 54.3 | US & AFP |
Caviglia et al.[ 12 ] | retrospective | Italy | Nov 2012–Jan 2018 | 349 | 200 | 86 | 67 | 61 a | AFP |
Chalasani et al.[ 9 ] | retrospective | USA | Jan 1994–Dec 1997 | 285 | 285 | 27 | 56 | 49 | US & AFP |
Chang et al.[ 13 ] | retrospective | Taiwan | Jul 2002–Jul 2010 | 5664 | 1597 | 363 | 64.9 | 57 | US, AFP, & US+AFP |
Chun et al.[ 35 ] | retrospective | Korea | Mar 2012–Aug 2013 | 49,381 | 48,122 | 24 | 91.4 | 60 | AFP |
Curley et al.[ 14 ] | prospective | USA | Jan 1994–Dec 1997 | 416 | 140 | 36 | 58.8 | 54.8 | US, AFP, & US+AFP |
D'Onofrio et al.[ 36 ] | retrospective | Italy | 2003–2006 | 128 | 128 | 57 | 62.5 | 46 | US & AFP |
Eltabbakh et al.[ 37 ] | prospective | Egypt | Jun 2008–Jan 2011 | 1286 | 1286 | 102 | 35.4 | 51.5 | US & US+AFP |
Frey et al.[ 38 ] | retrospective | Switzerland | 2011–2012 | 285 | 248 | 9 | 80 | 55 | US |
Gambarin‐Galwan et al.[ 10 ] | retrospective | USA | 1 year (dates NA) | 106 | 106 | 19 | 68.4 | 58.7 | US, AFP, & US+AFP |
Gopal et al.[ 15 ] | retrospective | USA | Jan 2005–Jun 2012 | 1128 | 1128 | 452 | 78 | 55 | AFP |
Henrion[ 39 ] | retrospective | Belgium | 1995 | 141 | 141 | 6 | 63.1 | NA | US, AFP, & US+AFP |
Ishii et al.[ 40 ] | prospective | Japan | Nov 1992–Mar 1994 | 918 | 299 | 29 | 78 | 66 | AFP |
Jasirwan et al.[ 16 ] | retrospective | Indonesia | 2015–2017 | 330 | 66 | 132 | 71.2 | NA | AFP |
Kim et al.[ 41 ] | prospective | Korea | Jan 2007–Jun 2010 | 392 | 392 | 64 | 63.5 | 53.6 | US, AFP, & US+AFP |
Lersritwimanmaen and Nimanong[ 17 ] | retrospective | Thailand | Jan 2012–Dec 2014 | 452 | 350 | 9 | 63.5 | 59.2 | US & US+AFP |
Lok et al.[ 18 ] | case control | USA | 3.5 years (dates NA) | 1031 | 116 | 39 | 71 | 50 | US & AFP |
Oka et al.[ 42 ] | prospective | Japan | Jan 1983–Dec 1988 | 140 | 140 | 40 | 70 | 54.9 | US & AFP |
Paranagua‐ Vezozzo et al.[ 43 ] | prospective | Canada | Aug 1998–Aug 2008 | 884 | 884 | 72 | 58.3 | 55 | US & US+AFP |
Pateron et al.[ 44 ] | prospective | France | Jan 1986–Dec 1987 | 322 | 118 | 14 | 57.6 | 55 | US & AFP |
Paul et al.[ 45 ] | prospective | India | Apr 2001–Nov 2014 | 301 | 301 | 107 | 88.3 | 45.1 | US |
Phulpoto et al. 2012[ 46 ] | prospective | Pakistan | Apr 2008–Nov 2010 | 301 | 194 | 9 | 70 | 45.1 | US |
Pinero et al. 2014[ 11 ] | retrospective | Argentina | Jun 2005–Dec 2011 | 643 | 643 | 56 | 70 | 59 | US |
Pocha et al.[ 47 ] | prospective | USA | Jun 2002–Feb 2011 | 163 | 163 | 9 | 99.4 | 59.3 | US |
Qian et al.[ 48 ] | retrospective | Australia | Oct 1998–Aug 2005 | 268 | 268 | 22 | 69.4 | 57.1 | US, AFP, & US+AFP |
Ren et al.[ 49 ] | prospective | USA | Jun 1995–Jun 2005 | 6089 | 201 | 264 | 71 | 50 | US & AFP |
Sangiovanni et al.[ 50 ] | prospective | Italy | 1985–1986 | 447 | 447 | 112 | 79 | 61 | US & AFP |
Sato et al.[ 51 ] | retrospective | Japan | 1994–2004 | 1431 | 124 | 243 | 57 | 67 | US & AFP |
Singal et al.[ 52 ] | prospective | USA | Jan 2004–Sep 2006 (2 years, 9 month) | 446 | 446 | 41 | 58.6 | 52.8 | US, AFP, & US+AFP |
Sinn et al.[ 19 ] | retrospective | South Korea | Jan 2008–Dec 2010 | 132 | 94 | 97 | 76.5 | 57.7 | US, AFP, & US+AFP |
Snowberger et al.[ 53 ] | retrospective | USA | Jan 1988–Dec 2004 | 239 | 226 | 199 | 73.2 | 52.7 | US & AFP |
Solmi et al.[ 54 ] | prospective | Egypt | Jan 1988–Dec 1993 | 360 | 254 | 24 | 67 | 52 | US & AFP |
Sterling et al.[ 55 ] | retrospective | Canada | Jun 2000–Jun 2004 | 372 | 322 | 34 | 75 | 52.7 | AFP |
Tong et al.[ 56 ] | prospective | USA | 1991–1998 | 602 | 173 | 31 | 51 | 59 | US & AFP |
Tong et al.[ 57 ] | retrospective | USA | 1991–2008 | 78 | 63 | 68 | 82 | 56.5 | US & US+AFP |
Trevisani et al.[ 20 ] | retrospective | Italy | Jan 1988–Dec 2001 | 1277 | 1037 | 184 | NA | NA | AFP |
Trinchet et al.[ 58 ] | RCT | France | Jun 2000–Mar 2006 | 1340 | 1278 | 123 | 69.1 | 54.5 | US |
Ungrtukul et al.[ 59 ] | prospective | Thailand | NA | 2293 | 77 | 17 | 47 | 41.25 | US & US+AFP |
Ziada et al.[ 60 ] | prospective | Egypt | Apr 2013–Jan 2015 | 514 | NA | 103 | 81 | 55.13 | US & AFP |
Zapata et al.[ 21 ] | retrospective | Spain | 2003–2005 | 85 | NA | 85 | 87 | 63 | US, AFP, & US+AFP |
Zoli et al.[ 61 ] | prospective | Italy | Jan 1989–Dec 1991 | 164 | 164 | 34 | 45.7 | 60 | US & AFP |
Abbreviations: AFP, alpha‐fetoprotein; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; NA, not applicable; US, ultrasound; US+AFP, ultrasound plus alpha‐fetoprotein.
Study reported median instead of mean age.