Table 2.
Alterations in hepatic biochemical markers in patients with post-COVID-19 cholangiopathy.
| Author, year | Sample size | AST (average) ALT (average) LDH (mean) |
Abnormal AST (n) Abnormal ALT (n) Abnormal LDH (n) |
Direct bilirubin (mean) ALP (mean) Creatinine (mean) |
Abnormal bilirubin (n) Abnormal ALP (n) Abnormal creatinine (n) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bender J.M. et al. (2021)20 | 551 | AST (U/L): ND ALT (U/L): ND LDH (U/L): ND |
Abnormal AST: ND Abnormal ALT: ND Abnormal LDH: ND |
Bilirubin (μmol/L): ND ALP (U/L): ND Creatinine (mg/dl): ND |
Abnormal bilirubin: ND Abnormal ALP: ND Abnormal creatinine: ND |
| Bloom P.P. et al. (2021)27 | 60 | AST (U/L): ND ALT (U/L): ND LDH (U/L): ND |
Abnormal AST: ND Abnormal ALT: ND Abnormal LDH: ND |
Bilirubin (μmol/L): ND ALP (U/L): ND Creatinine (mg/dl): ND |
Abnormal bilirubin: ND Abnormal ALP: ND Abnormal creatinine: ND |
| Fang Lei et al. (2020)28 | 5771 | AST (U/L): ND ALT (U/L): ND LDH (U/L): ND |
Abnormal AST: ND Abnormal ALT: ND Abnormal LDH: ND |
Bilirubin (μmol/L): ND ALP (U/L): ND Creatinine (mg/dl): ND |
Abnormal bilirubin: ND Abnormal ALP: ND Abnormal creatinine: ND |
| Neupane R. et al. (2020)29 | 1079 | AST (U/L): ND ALT (U/L): ND LDH (U/L): ND |
Abnormal AST: ND Abnormal ALT: ND Abnormal LDH: ND |
Bilirubin (μmol/L): ND ALP (U/L): ND Creatinine (mg/dl): ND |
Abnormal bilirubin: ND Abnormal ALP: ND Abnormal creatinine: ND |
| Bütikofer S. et al. (2021)30 | 34 | AST (U/L): ND ALT (U/L): ND LDH (U/L): ND |
Abnormal AST: ND Abnormal ALT: ND Abnormal LDH: ND |
Bilirubin (μmol/L): ND ALP (U/L): ND Creatinine (mg/dl): ND |
Abnormal bilirubin: ND Abnormal ALP: ND Abnormal creatinine: ND |
| Khalid S. et al. (2021)31 | 74 | AST (U/L): ND ALT (U/L): ND LDH (U/L): ND |
Abnormal AST: ND Abnormal ALT: ND Abnormal LDH: ND |
Bilirubin (μmol/L): ND ALP (U/L): ND Creatinine (mg/dl): ND |
Abnormal bilirubin: ND Abnormal ALP: ND Abnormal creatinine: ND |
| Gholizadeh P. et al. (2020)19 | 279 | AST (U/L): 44.03* ALT (U/L): 31.14* LDH (U/L): 621.29* |
Abnormal AST: ND Abnormal ALT: 41 Abnormal LDH: ND |
Bilirubin (μmol/L): ND ALP (U/L): ND Creatinine (mg/dl): ND |
Abnormal bilirubin: ND Abnormal ALP: ND Abnormal creatinine: ND |
| Faruqui S. et al. (2021)8 | 12 | AST (U/L): 498* ALT (U/L): 661* LDH (U/L): 621.29* |
Abnormal AST: 12 Abnormal ALT: 12 Abnormal LDH: ND |
Bilirubin (μmol/L): 13* ALP (U/L): 1945* Creatinine (mg/dl): 6.5* |
Abnormal bilirubin: 0 Abnormal ALP: 12 Abnormal creatinine: 11 |
| Zhou J. et al. (2020)32 | 201 | AST (U/L): ND ALT (U/L): ND LDH (U/L): ND |
Abnormal AST: ND Abnormal ALT: ND Abnormal LDH: ND |
Bilirubin (μmol/L): ND ALP (U/L): ND Creatinine (mg/dl): ND |
Abnormal bilirubin: ND Abnormal ALP: ND Abnormal creatinine: ND |
| Effenberger M. et al. (2020)33 | 655 | AST (U/L): ND ALT (U/L): ND LDH (U/L): ND |
Abnormal AST: ND Abnormal ALT: ND Abnormal LDH: ND |
Bilirubin (μmol/L): ND ALP (U/L): ND Creatinine (mg/dl): ND |
Abnormal bilirubin: ND Abnormal ALP: ND Abnormal creatinine: ND |
| Linneweber L. et al. (2021)34 | 2 | AST (U/L): ND ALT (U/L): ND LDH (U/L): ND |
Abnormal AST: ND Abnormal ALT: ND Abnormal LDH: ND |
Bilirubin (μmol/L): ND ALP (U/L): ND Creatinine (mg/dl): ND |
Abnormal bilirubin: ND Abnormal ALP: ND Abnormal creatinine: ND |
| Tafreshi S. et al. (2021)21 | 1 | AST (U/L): ND ALT (U/L): ND LDH (U/L): ND |
Abnormal AST: ND Abnormal ALT: ND Abnormal LDH: ND |
Bilirubin (μmol/L): 866.32* ALP (U/L): 3665* Creatinine (mg/dl): ND |
Abnormal bilirubin: 1 Abnormal ALP: 1 Abnormal creatinine: ND |
| Rojas M. et al. (2021)22 | 1 | AST (U/L): ND ALT (U/L): ND LDH (U/L): ND |
Abnormal AST: ND Abnormal ALT: ND Abnormal LDH: ND |
Bilirubin (μmol/L): ND ALP (U/L): ND Creatinine (mg/dl): ND |
Abnormal bilirubin: ND Abnormal ALP: ND Abnormal creatinine: ND |
| Gourjault C. et al. (2021)23 | 3 | AST (U/L): 231* ALT (U/L): 35.3* LDH (U/L): 2195* |
Abnormal AST: 3 Abnormal ALT: 0 Abnormal LDH: 3 |
Bilirubin (μmol/L): 16.3* Bilirubin (μmol/L): 16.3* ALP (U/L): 50.6* Creatinine (mg/dl): 1.10* |
Abnormal bilirubin: 0 Abnormal ALP: 0 Abnormal creatinine: 1 |
| Anness A. et al. (2020)35 | 1 | AST (U/L): ND ALT (U/L): 571 X LDH (U/L): 194 X |
Abnormal AST: ND Abnormal ALT: 1 Abnormal LDH: 0 |
Bilirubin (μmol/L): 13 ALP (U/L): ND Creatinine (mg/dl): ND |
Abnormal bilirubin: 0 Abnormal ALP: ND Abnormal creatinine: ND |
| Edwards K. et al. (2020)36 | 1 | AST (U/L): ND ALT (U/L): 300 X LDH (U/L): ND |
Abnormal AST: ND Abnormal ALT: 1 Abnormal LDH: ND |
Bilirubin (μmol/L): 250 X ALP (U/L): 4000 X Creatinine (mg/dl): ND |
Abnormal bilirubin: 1 Abnormal ALP: 1 Abnormal creatinine: ND |
| Aldossary B. et al. (2021)37 | 1 | AST (U/L): 12000 X ALT (U/L): 8000 X LDH (U/L): ND |
Abnormal AST: 1 Abnormal ALT: 1 Abnormal LDH: ND |
Bilirubin (μmol/L): 22.23 ALP (U/L): 150 Creatinine (mg/dl): ND |
Abnormal bilirubin: 1 Abnormal ALP: 1 Abnormal creatinine: ND |
| Heckroth M.A. et al. (2020)38 | 2 | AST (U/L): 1214* ALT (U/L): 1285* LDH (U/L): 381 X |
Abnormal AST: 1 Abnormal ALT: 1 Abnormal LDH: 1 |
Bilirubin (μmol/L): 103.46 ALP (U/L): 283.5 Creatinine (mg/dl): ND |
Abnormal bilirubin: 1 Abnormal ALP: 1 Abnormal creatinine: ND |
| Trejo-Paredes C. et al. (2020)39 | 1 | AST (U/L): 229 X ALT (U/L): 167 X LDH (U/L): ND |
Abnormal AST: 1 Abnormal ALT: 1 Abnormal LDH: ND |
Bilirubin (μmol/L): 376.2 ALP (U/L): 162 Creatinine (mg/dl): ND |
Abnormal bilirubin: 1 Abnormal ALP: 1 Abnormal creatinine: ND |
| Legrand F. et al. (2020)40 | 1 | AST (U/L): 556 ALT (U/L): 557 LDH (U/L): ND |
Abnormal AST: 1 Abnormal ALT: 1 Abnormal LDH: ND |
Bilirubin (μmol/L): 36 ALP (U/L): ND Creatinine (mg/dl): ND |
Abnormal bilirubin: 1 Abnormal ALP: ND Abnormal creatinine: ND |
| Roth C.N. et al. (2021)9 | 3 | AST (U/L): 117.6* ALT (U/L): 128* LDH (U/L): ND |
Abnormal AST: 3 Abnormal ALT: 3 Abnormal LDH: ND |
Bilirubin (μmol/L): 188.1 ALP (U/L): 1728 Creatinine (mg/dl): ND |
Abnormal bilirubin: 3 Abnormal ALP: 3 Abnormal creatinine: ND |
| Durazo F.A. et al. (2021)10 | 1 | AST (U/L): 491 X ALT (U/L): 175 X LDH (U/L): ND |
Abnormal AST: 1 Abnormal ALT: 1 Abnormal LDH: ND |
Bilirubin (μmol/L): 324.9 ALP (U/L): 2730 Creatinine (mg/dl): ND |
Abnormal bilirubin: 1 Abnormal ALP: 1 Abnormal creatinine: ND |
| Klindt C. et al. (2021)41 | 1 | AST (U/L): 470 X ALT (U/L): 754 X LDH (U/L): ND |
Abnormal AST: 1 Abnormal ALT: 1 Abnormal LDH: ND |
Bilirubin (μmol/L): 307.8 ALP (U/L): 1700 Mean creatinine: ND |
Abnormal bilirubin: 1 Abnormal ALP: 1 Abnormal creatinine: ND |
| Lagana M.S. et al. (2020)42 | 40 | AST (U/L): 102* ALT (U/L): 68* LDH (U/L): ND |
Abnormal AST: 33 Abnormal ALT: 33 Abnormal LDH: ND |
Bilirubin (μmol/L): 15.39 ALP (U/L): ND Average creatinine: 2.64 mg/dl |
Abnormal bilirubin: 0 Abnormal ALP: ND Abnormal creatinine: 34 |
| Li X. et al. (2020)43 | 7 | AST (U/L): 48.7* ALT (U/L): 78.1* LDH (U/L): ND |
Abnormal AST: 7 Abnormal ALT: 7 Abnormal LDH: ND |
Bilirubin (μmol/L): ND ALP (U/L): ND Mean creatinine: ND |
Abnormal bilirubin: ND Abnormal ALP: ND Abnormal creatinine: ND |
| Aby E.S. et al. (2020)44 | 2164 | AST (U/L): 40* ALT (U/L): 26* LDH (U/L): ND |
Abnormal AST: 2164 Abnormal ALT: 0 Abnormal LDH: ND |
Bilirubin (μmol/L): 8.55 ALP (U/L): 74 Mean creatinine: ND |
Abnormal bilirubin: 0 Abnormal ALP: 0 Abnormal creatinine: ND |
X, highest measurement during the study; ND, not determined; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase.
*
Median.