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. 2022 Aug 26;3(9):100712. doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100712

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Association of mother’s own milk (MOM) intake with microbiome trajectories, gut inflammation, and oxidative stress in VLBW infants over time

(A) Trajectories of bacterial relative abundance (CLR transformed) and prevalence over time in infants with high versus low MOM intake (see Figure S8 for details). Genera with >10% prevalence across all samples that differed in prevalence or relative abundance between groups over time are shown here (complete data are shown in Tables S1E–S1G, and regression analyses are shown in Figure S10).

(B) Gut inflammation (fecal calprotectin) and oxidative stress (urinary F2-isoprostanes) over time. The p values are from Wilcoxon sum rank test (for boxplots) or using splinectomeR (for longitudinal trajectories, 999 permutations) or Fisher’s exact test (for prevalences) (∼p < 0.10, ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01). MOM groups were determined based on % MOM volumes that represent the proportion of MOM used to prepare the feeds prior to fortification. T1, study day 0 (before fortification: low MOM, n = 10; high MOM, n = 20); T2, study day 7 (during fortification: low MOM, n = 8; high MOM, n = 22); T3, week 33 AGA (end of fortification: low MOM, n = 13; high MOM, n = 17); and T4, week 35 AGA (follow-up after fortification: low MOM, n = 14; high MOM, n = 16).