Table 2.
Association between socio-demographic and medical parameters and all-cause mortality rates in the cohort for the years 2014–2019.
| Variable | Frequency/dead | Unadjusted | p-value | Model 1 | p-value | Model 2 | p-value | Model 3 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N/ n (%) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |||||
| Demographics | |||||||||
| Age category (< 18 y.o. (ref)) | |||||||||
| 18–34 y.o | 2 947/ 438 (15) | 0.91 (0.79; 1.06) | 0.239 | 0.86 (0.74; 0.99) | 0.046 | 0.91 (0.79; 1.06) | 0.238 | 0.96 (0.83; 1.12) | 0.593 |
| 35–50 y.o | 20 858/ 4 123 (20) | 1.26 (1.11; 1.42) | < 0.001 | 1.17 (1.04; 1.33) | 0,01 | 1.45 (1.28; 1.64) | < 0.001 | 1.52 (1.35; 1.72) | < 0.001 |
| 51–70 y.o | 97 296/ 27 290 (28) | 1.86 (1.65; 2.09) | < 0.001 | 1.67 (1.48; 1.88) | < 0.001 | 2.17 (1.92; 2.44) | < 0.001 | 2.27 (2.01; 2.55) | < 0.001 |
| > 70 y.o | 55 119/ 27 933 (51) | 3.93 (3.49; 4.42) | < 0.001 | 3.39 (3.02; 3.83) | < 0.001 | 4.19 (3.72; 4.72) | < 0.001 | 4.39 (3.9; 4.96) | < 0.001 |
| Gender (Male vs Female (ref)) | 93 692/ 30 692 (33) | 0.92 (0.91; 0.94) | < 0.001 | 1.1 (1.08; 1.12) | < 0.001 | 1.1 (1.07; 1.1) | < 0.001 | 1.08 (1.06; 1.1) | < 0.001 |
| Ethnicity (Kazakh (ref)) | |||||||||
| Russian | 50 189/ 21 655 (43) | 1.7 (1.67; 1.73) | < 0.001 | 1.46 (1.44; 1.49) | < 0.001 | 1.45 (1.43; 1.48) | < 0.001 | 1.45 (1.42; 1.47) | < 0.001 |
| Other | 32 560/ 11 520 (35) | 1.31 (1.28; 1.34) | < 0.001 | 1.16 (1.14; 1.19) | < 0.001 | 1.12 (1.09; 1.15) | < 0.001 | 1.11 (1.09; 1.14) | < 0.001 |
| Living area (Rural vs Urban (ref)) | 65 303/ 21 163 (32) | 0.92 (0.91; 0.94) | < 0.001 | 1.08 (1.06; 1.09) | < 0.001 | 1.06 (1.05; 1.09) | < 0.001 | 1.07 (1.05; 1.09) | < 0.001 |
| Admission (Urgent vs Elective (ref)) | 169 962/ 58 223 (34) | 1.83 (1.75; 1.92) | < 0.001 | 1.55 (1.48; 1.62) | < 0.001 | 1.56 (1.48; 1.63) | < 0.001 | 1.55 (1.48; 1.63) | < 0.001 |
| Comorbidities | |||||||||
| Diabetes | 23 418/ 8 314 (36) | 1.05 (1.03; 1.08) | < 0.001 | 1.25 (1.22; 1.28) | < 0.001 | 1.26 (1.23; 1.29) | < 0.001 | ||
| Hypertension | 86 218/ 22 586 (26) | 0.57 (0.56; 0.58) | < 0.001 | 0.55 (0.54; 0.56) | < 0.001 | 0.56 (0.55; 0.57) | < 0.001 | ||
| Surgery types | |||||||||
| Endovascular | 4 615/ 881 (19) | 0.53 (0.49; 0.57) | < 0.001 | 0.62 (0.58; 0.66) | < 0.001 | ||||
| Trepanation and decompression | 2 421/ 926 (38) | 1.23 (1.16; 1.32) | < 0.001 | 1.38 (1.29; 1.47) | < 0.001 | ||||
| Neuronavigational operation | 310/ 74 (24) | 0.68 (0.54; 0.86) | 0.001 | 0.75 (0.59; 0.94) | 0.013 | ||||
| Shunt and anastomosis | 188/ 85 (45) | 1.43 (1.15; 1.77) | 0.001 | 1.81 (1.46; 2.24) | < 0.001 | ||||
| Cardiovascular | 943/ 642 (68) | 2.53 (2.34; 2.73) | < 0.001 | 2.26 (2.09; 2.44) | < 0.001 | ||||
Model 1 = adjusted to demographics (age, gender, ethnicity, admission, residency); Model 2 = Model 1 + comorbidities; Model 3 = Model 2 + surgery types.