Table 3.
Association between socio-demographic and medical parameters and all-cause mortality rates from stroke types for the years 2014–2019.
| Variable | Acute Ischemic Stroke | Intracerebral Hemorrhage | Subarachnoid Hemorrhage | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frequency/dead, N/n (%) | HR (95% CI) | p value | Frequency/dead, N/n (%) | HR (95% CI) | p value | Frequency/dead, N/n (%) | HR (95% CI) | p value | |
| Demographics | |||||||||
| Age category (< 18 y.o. (ref)) | |||||||||
| 18–34 y.o | 1,809/165 (9) | 1.08 (0.75;1.54) | 0.696 | 809/ 200 (25) | 1.24 (1.02;1.52) | 0.034 | 329/73 (22) | 1.76 (1.24;2.49) | 0.001 |
| 35–50 y.o | 14,040/18,99 (14) | 1.86 (1.34;2.59) | < 0.001 | 5,645/1,888 (33) | 2.04 (1.75;2.37) | < 0.001 | 1 173/336 (29) | 2.81 (2.11;3.73) | < 0.001 |
| 51–70 y.o | 75,434/19,076 (25) | 3.71 (2.67;5.14) | < 0.001 | 19,350/7,286 (38) | 2.32 (1.99;2.69) | < 0.001 | 2 512/928 (37) | 4.07 (3.1;5.35) | < 0.001 |
| > 70 y.o | 46,833/23,233 (50) | 8.15 (5.87;11.3) | < 0.001 | 7,560/4,261 (56) | 3.37 (2.9;3.92) | < 0.001 | 726/439 (60) | 6.6 (4.98;8.75) | < 0.001 |
| Gender (Male vs Female (ref)) | 72,584/22,431 (31) | 1.12 (1.1;1.14) | < 0.001 | 18,603/7,352 (40) | 1.03 (0.99;1.07) | 0.052 | 2 505/909 (36) | 1.1 (1.01;1.21) | 0.038 |
| Ethnicity (Kazakh (ref)) | |||||||||
| Russian | 41,978/17,481 (42) | 1.53 (1.49;1.57) | < 0.001 | 7,191/3,728 (52) | 1.42 (1.36;1.48) | < 0.001 | 1,020/446 (44) | 1.29 (1.15;1.45) | < 0.001 |
| Other | 26,347/8,969 (34) | 1.18 (1.15;1.21) | < 0.001 | 5,403/2,236 (41) | 1.05 (0.99;1.1) | 0.059 | 810/315 (39) | 1.07 (0.94;1.21) | 0.303 |
| Living area (Rural vs Urban (ref)) | 48,436/14,587 (30) | 1.05 (1.03;1.07) | < 0.001 | 14,483/5,688 (39) | 1.02 (0.99;1.06) | 0.191 | 2,384/888 (37) | 1.11 (1.01;1.23) | 0.025 |
| Admission (Urgent vs Elective (ref)) | 132,233/42,894 (32) | 1.35 (1.28;1.42) | < 0.001 | 32,911/13,549 (41) | 2.36 (2.1;2.67) | < 0.001 | 4,818/1,780 (37) | 2.48 (1.88;3.26) | < 0.001 |
| Comorbidities | |||||||||
| Diabetes | 20,956/7,284 (35) | 1.34 (1.3;1.37) | < 0.001 | 2,217/948 (43) | 1.26 (1.18;1.35) | < 0.001 | 245/82 (33) | 1.02 (0.81;1.27) | 0.897 |
| Essential hypertension | 70,477/17,893 (25) | 0.58 (0.57;0.59) | < 0.001 | 13,919/4,237 (30) | 0.55 (0.53;0.57) | < 0.001 | 1,822/456 (25) | 0.47 (0.42;0.52) | < 0.001 |
| Surgery types | |||||||||
| Endovascular | 3,319/617 (19) | 0.63 (0.58;0.69) | < 0.001 | 810/187 (23) | 0.55 (0.48;0.64) | < 0.001 | 486/ 77 (16) | 0.42 (0.33;0.53) | < 0.001 |
| Trepanation and decompression | 98/53 (54) | 2.3 (1.75;3.01) | < 0.001 | 2,259/838 (37) | 0.87 (0.81;0.94) | < 0.001 | 64/35 (55) | 1.48 (1.05;2.07) | 0.023 |
| Neuronavigational operation | 16/5 (31) | 0.77 (0.32;1.85) | 0.56 | 286/66 (23) | 0.49 (0.39;0.64) | < 0.001 | 8/3 (38) | 1.68 (0.54;5.24) | 0.369 |
| Shunt and anastomosis | 27/16 (59) | 1.82 (1.11;2.98) | 0.017 | 147/62 (42) | 1.16 (0.9;1.49) | 0.244 | 14/7 (50) | 1.55 (0.73;3.26) | 0.252 |
| Cardiovascular | 538/400 (74) | 3.17 (2.88;3.51) | < 0.001 | 385/222 (58) | 1.19 (1.04;1.36) | 0.01 | 30/20 (67) | 1.5 (0.96;2.34) | 0.073 |