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Schematic illustration of CRISPR/Cas13a mechanism. Cas13a protein is activated through a single crRNA. Cas13a protein comprises crRNA, NUC lobes, and two nucleotide-binding (HEPN) RNase domains for targeting RNA. The Cas13a cleaves ssRNA, upon recognizing the target sequence (22–28 nt) complementary to the crRNA spacer. The target sequence is flanked by a protospacer-flanking site (PFS) at the 3′-end and crRNA binds together and cleaves the target region of ssRNA without the tracrRNA
