Table 1.
Patient demographics and baseline characteristics before and after propensity score matching.
| Characteristics | Before PSM | After PSM | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T+S (n = 43) | T+S+ICIs (n = 33) | p value | T+S (n = 29) | T+S+ICIs (n = 29) | p value | |
| Age (years) <50 ≥50 |
50.9 ± 11.5 16 (37.2) 27 (62.8) |
54.6 ± 9.7 16 (48.5) 17 (51.5) |
0.324 | 51.3 ± 11.2 13 (44.8) 16 (55.2) |
53.7 ± 10.2 14 (48.3) 15 (51.7) |
0.792 |
| Sex | 0.434 | >0.999 | ||||
| Men | 39 (90.7) | 28 (84.8) | 26 (89.7) | 26 (89.7) | ||
| Women | 4 (9.3) | 5 (15.2) | 3 (10.3) | 3 (10.3) | ||
| ECOG PS | 0.987 | 0.945 | ||||
| 0 1 2 |
9 (20.9) 31 (72.1) 3 (7.0) |
7 (21.2) 24 (72.7) 2 (6.1) |
6 (20.7) 21 (72.4) 2 (6.9) |
5 (17.2) 22 (75.9) 2 (6.9) |
||
| HBV | 0.827 | >0.999 | ||||
| Positive | 36 (83.7) | 27 (81.8) | 24 (82.8) | 24 (82.8) | ||
| Negative | 7 (16.3) | 6 (18.2) | 5 (17.2) | 5 (17.2) | ||
| Cirrhosis | 0.610 | 0.773 | ||||
| Yes | 31 (72.1) | 22 (66.7) | 21 (72.4) | 20 (69.0) | ||
| No | 12 (27.9) | 11 (33.3) | 8 (27.6) | 9 (31.0) | ||
| Child–Pugh | 0.109 | 0.773 | ||||
| A | 25 (58.1) | 25 (75.8) | 20 (69.0) | 21 (72.4) | ||
| B | 18 (41.9) | 8 (24.2) | 9 (31.0) | 8 (27.6) | ||
| AFP (ng/mL) | 0.339 | >0.999 | ||||
| <400 | 23 (53.5) | 14 (42.4) | 12 (41.4) | 12 (41.4) | ||
| ≥400 | 20 (46.5) | 19 (57.6) | 17 (58.6) | 17 (58.6) | ||
| AST (U/L) ALT (U/L) Albumin (g/L) |
75.3 ± 62.3 37.1 ± 24.3 34.0 ± 5.0 |
69.9 ± 60.9 44.3 ± 35.7 35.8 ± 5.4 |
0.706 0.299 0.130 |
83.2 ± 70.6 39.1 ± 26.9 34.3 ± 5.2 |
74 ± 63.9 45.4 ± 37.8 35.2 ± 4.6 |
0.854 0.616 0.625 |
| Tumor size (cm) | 0.878 | 0.599 | ||||
| <10 | 24 (55.8) | 19 (57.6) | 13 (44.8) | 15 (51.7) | ||
| ≥10 | 19 (44.2) | 14 (42.4) | 16 (55.2) | 14 (48.3) | ||
| Vascular invasion | 31 (72.1) | 27 (81.8) | 0.323 | 21 (72.4) | 24 (82.8) | 0.345 |
| EHS | 27 (62.8) | 17 (51.5) | 0.324 | 17 (58.6) | 16 (55.2) | 0.791 |
| Type of PVTT I+II III |
16 (37.2) 14 (32.6) |
17 (51.5) 8 (24.2) |
0.269 | 10 (34.5) 11 (37.9) |
16 (55.2) 8 (27.6) |
0.197 |
| Number of TACE | 0.054 | 0.146 | ||||
| 1 2 3 |
25 (58.1) 11 (25.5) 7 (16.3) |
10 (30.3) 14 (42.4) 9 (27.3) |
15 (51.7) 10 (34.5) 4 (13.8) |
8 (27.6) 13 (44.8) 8 (27.6) |
||
| Prior therapy | 0.687 | 0.803 | ||||
| DEB-TACE/cTACE DEB-TACE/cTACE+RFA Surgery+cTACE/RFA |
29 (67.4) 7 (16.3) 7 (16.3) |
20 (60.6) 8 (24.2.) 5 (15.2) |
20 (69.0) 5 (17.2) 4 (13.8) |
18 (62.1) 7 (24.1) 4 (13.8) |
||
Data were presented as n (%) or mean ± standard deviation. PSM, propensity score matching; T+S, transarterial chemoembolization+sorafenib; T+S+ICIs, transarterial chemoembolization+sorafenib+immune checkpoint inhibitors; ECOG PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; HBV, hepatitis B virus; AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine transaminase; EHS, extrahepatic spread; PVTT, portal vein tumor thrombus; type I, tumor thrombi involving segmental branches of portal vein or above; type II, tumor thrombi involving right/left portal vein; type III, tumor thrombi involving the main portal vein; DEB-TACE, drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization; cTACE, conventional transarterial chemoembolization; RFA, radiofrequency ablation.