Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 Sep 13;9:881181. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.881181

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2022 Nishimoto, Sata and Fukuda.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

Inflammation caused by TLR9. TLR9 binds not only DNA originating from bacteria and viruses but also endogenous DNA and triggers signaling cascades related to pro-inflammatory responses. Diseases such as cancer, chronic infection, and lifestyle-related diseases can modulate TLR9 expression. In addition, tissue damage caused by these diseases increases the release of TLR9 agonists. This figure is reproduced from Fukuda et al. (80) with modification.