The schematic diagram shows the effect of major genes on productive traits in chickens raised at hot ambient temperature. The arrow pointing up indicates improvement and the arrow pointing down indicats deterioration. Abbreviations: AM, age at maturation; BW, body weight; EP, egg production; EW, egg weight; FC, feed consumption; FE, feed efficiency; MY, meat yield; SS, shell strength; IM, immunocompetence; NA, not applicable; TH, thermotolerance.