. 2022 Sep 13;13:962125. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.962125

TABLE 2.

Very short-term BP variability assessed at the laboratory before, during and after the isometric handgrip exercise (IHG) and sham sessions.

	IHG exercise (n = 34)	Sham (n = 33)	p value for time	p value for group	p value for interaction
ARV for Systolic BP (mmHg)			0.030	0.755	0.036
Baseline	1.74 ± 0.53^*	2.08 ± 0.82
Session	2.40 ± 0.91 ^a ^, ^d	2.11 ± 0.78
Recovery period (min)
5	2.09 ± 0.74 ^a	2.08 ± 0.61
10	2.06 ± 0.83 ^a	2.11 ± 0.57
11–15	2.01 ± 0.71 ^a	2.13 ± 0.60
ARV for Diastolic BP (mmHg)			0.003	0.366	<0.001
Baseline	1.29 ± 0.36^*	1.60 ± 0.54
Session	1.86 ± 0.52^* ^a ^, ^b ^, ^c ^, ^d	1.53 ± 0.38
Recovery period (min)
5	1.50 ± 0.50 ^a	1.50 ± 0.44
10	1.46 ± 0.59 ^a	1.64 ± 0.35
11–15	1.45 ± 0.46^* ^a	1.67 ± 0.38
SD variability for Systolic BP (mmHg)			<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Baseline	3.61 ± 1.15^*	4.21 ± 1.33
Session	11.91 ± 4.91^* ^a ^, ^b ^, ^c ^, ^d	4.39 ± 1.68
Recovery period (min)
5	5.54 ± 2.19^* ^a	3.84 ± 1.03
10	4.51 ± 1.42 ^a ^,c	4.43 ± 1.39
11–15	4.43 ± 1.67 ^a ^, ^b ^, ^c	4.42 ± 1.60
SD variability for Diastolic BP (mmHg)			<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Baseline	3.02 ± 0.99	3.48 ± 1.04
Session	11.78 ± 5.23^* ^a ^, ^b ^, ^c ^, ^d	3.66 ± 1.02
Recovery period (min)	3.74 ± 1.25 ^a	3.36 ± 0.88
5	3.33 ± 1.21	3.81 ± 1.03
10	3.49 ± 1.21 ^a	3.92 ± 1.03
11–15	3.02 ± 0.99	3.48 ± 1.04

Values expressed as mean ± standard deviation ARV: average real variability; SD: standard deviation variability p values for between group analysis: *p < 0.05 between groups.

p < 0.05 vs. baseline.

p < 0.05 vs. 5 min recovery period.

p < 0.05 vs. 10 min recovery period.

p < 0.05 vs. 15 min recovery period.