Figure 2.

M2-like macrophage polarization by man-IONPs. (A) ELISA results showing the secretion of TNF-α (M1-related marker) and IL-10 (M2-related marker) in M2-like macrophages as a function of IONP or man-IONP concentrations. (B) Real-time PCR showing the expression of M1-related markers (CD86, TNF-α, IL-1β, and iNOS) and M2-related markers (CD206, Fizz, IL-10, Ym1, and IRF4) in macrophages in response to different nanoparticle treatments conditions; dose of IONPs or man-INOPs: 50 μg/mL Fe. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD), n = 3; ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗P < 0.0001.