Table 1.

Systems approaches used and their outcomes.

Method	Purpose	Outcome
Participant Observation and Reflective Exercises	Understanding the hierarchy of the DHMT and their contact tracing activities	Operationalization of the COVID-19 contact tracing system processes
		Identification of themes to describe ICT's COVID-19 contact tracing experience
Key Informant Interviews	Getting a broad-based view of the stakeholders engaged in COVID-19 contact tracing	Identification of the various processes within the contact tracing system and the strengths and challenges during its development and implementation
Participatory workshop 1: Stakeholder mapping	Identification of the nature of the different stakeholders and their level of engagement	Development of a map outlining the stakeholders engaged in contact tracing
Participatory workshops 2 and 3: Process mapping	Gaining insight into how the contact tracing activities work, including issues, time lags, use of resources and changes to improve the process	Development of a detailed process map of the COVID-19 contact tracing system in ICT
		Lessons learned from the contact tracing activities and ways to improve efficiency of this system