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| λ ex/λem | FWHM (nm) | QY% | Raman ID/IG | TEM size (nm) | Stokes shift | pH | Zeta potential (mV) | Surface-state functional groups |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 375/464 nm | 94 | 3.24 | 0.59 | 4–22 nm | 89 | 7.23 | −24.10 | C–C/C C, C O, C–O–C, C–OH, C–H O C O/O–C O |
