. 2022 Sep 19;5:100134. doi: 10.1016/j.fochms.2022.100134

Table 1.

Centesimal composition of Spirulina.

Macronutrients(g/100 g FW)		Minerals (mg/g FW)		Vitamins (mg/g DW)		Fatty acids (mg/g FW)		Aminoacids (mg/g DW)		Bioactive compounds (g/100 g DW)
Water	90.7 ^a	Ca	1.05–12 ^{a b}	Vit C	0.9 ^a*	SFA 14:0	4 ^a	Tryptophan	8.5 ^e	Gallic acid	0.69–1.98^f
Protein	5.92 ^a	Fe	0.15–2.79 ^{a b}	Thiamin	48 × 10^-3c	SFA 16:0	67.49 – 184.86 ^{a d}	Threonine	33.1 ^e	Hydroxybenzoic acid	0.76–1.42^f
Fat	0.39 ^a	Mg	1.42–19 ^{a b}	Riboflavin	39 × 10^-3c	SFA 18:0	4 – 14.59 ^{a d}	Isoleucine	36.4 ^e	Chlorogenic acid	0.11–1.32^f
Ash	0.6 ^a	P	11 ^a	Niacin	3.9^c	SFA 11:0	5.42 – 16.22^d	Leucine	61.7 ^e	Vanillin	0.02–0.71^f
Carbohydrate	2.42 ^a	K	13.32–127 ^{a b}	Pantothenic acid	0.325 ^{a *}	MUFA 16:1	7.40–17 ^{a d}	Lysine	34 ^e	Caffeic acid	0.18–0.79^f
Total dietary fiber	0.4 ^a	Na	11.50–98 ^{a b}	Vit B-6	90 × 10^-3c	MUFA 18:1	18 – 248.01 ^a	Methionine	17.1 ^e	Syringic acid	0.08–0.52^f
Total sugar	0.3 ^a	Zn	(9.7 – 200) × 10^{-3 a b}	Folic acid	7.3 × 10^-3c	PUFA 18:2	16.66–64 ^{a d}	Cystine	6.4 ^e	Salicylic acid	0.02–0.41^f
		Cu	0.579 ^a	Choline	6.5 ^a*	PUFA 18:3	42 – 307.35 ^ad	Phenylalanine	33.3 ^e	O-coumaric acid	0.01–0.41^f
		Mn	(9.5 – 186) × 10^{-3 a b}	Vit A	3 × 10^{-3 a *}			Tyrosine	30.7 ^e	Ferulic acid	0.30–0.72^f
		Se	7 × 10^{-3 a}	b-carotene	18 × 10^-3c			Valine	42.2 ^e	Cinnamic acid	0.11–1.81^f
				Vit E	1.06^c			Arginine	44.7 ^e	Quercetin	0.11–0.63^f
				Vit K	222 × 10^-3c			Histidine	11.3 ^e	Genstein	0–0.12^f
								Alanine	50.2 ^e	Euganol	0.11–0.73^f
								Aspartic acid	63.1 ^e	Galangin	0.05–0.33^f
								Glutamic acid	84.7 ^e	Pinostrobin	0.73–3.36^f
								Glycine	34.3 ^e	Phycocyanin	2.83 – 47.84 ^{e g}
								Proline	25.3 ^e	b-carotene	0.09–1.04 ^h
								Serine	309 ^a*	Canthaxanthin	0.44–0.65 ^h
										Astaxanthin	0.1–0.72 ^h
										Lutein	0.12–1.03 ^h
										Zeaxanthin	0.03–0.61 ^h
										Total chlorophylls	0.34 – 1.03 ^h

Note: FW: Fresh weight. DW: Dry weight. Vit: Vitamin. SFA: Saturated fatty acid. MUFA: Monounsaturated fatty acid. PUFA: Polyunsaturated fatty acid. ^a: USDA (2022) (Spirulina spp.). ^b: Michael, Kyewalyanga, and Lugomela (2019) (Arthrospira fusiformes). ^c: Masuda and Chitundu (2019) (Spirulina platensis). ^d: de Morais et al. (2019) (Spirulina sp.). ^e: Menegotto et al. (2019) (Spirulina platensis). ^f: El-baky, El Baz, and El-baroty (2009) (Spirulina máxima). ^g: Hynstova et al. (2018) (Spirulina platensis). ^h: Rodrigues et al. (2018) (Arthospira platensis).* FW.