Table 1.
Cross-sectional analysis of mean demographic scores and disease-related variables for RRMS (undergoing with two different types of disease-modifying therapies) and HCs groups at baseline.
| Characteristics | HCs (N = 19) | RRMS (N = 37) |
|---|---|---|
| Sex (% female) | 80% | 78% |
| Age | 35 ± 1.61 | 37 ± 1.21 |
| Disease duration (years) | — | 7 ± 1 |
| EDSS | — | 1.9 ± 0.15 |
| MSSS | — | 3.7 ± 0.3 |
| ARR | — | 1 ± 0.22 |
| tARCS | 90 ± 3.5 | 83 ± 2.7 |
| Memory | 90 ± 2.5 | 86 ± 3.8 |
| Fluency | 89 ± 4.3 | 79 ± 2.5* |
| Visuospatial | 99 ± 0.63 | 102 ± 0.69* |
| Language | 94 ± 4.12 | 85 ± 3.03 |
| Attention | 97 ± 2.1 | 94 ± 2.62 |
| SDMT | 64 ± 2.31 | 52 ± 1.75** |
| DASS-21 | 8 ± 1.62 | 28 ± 4.24** |
| Stress | 5 ± 1.2 | 13 ± 1.90** |
| Anxiety | 2 ± 0.52 | 8 ± 1.44** |
| Depression | 2 ± 0.39 | 8 ± 1.50** |
| MFIS | 12 ± 2.5 | 36 ± 3.03** |
| Physical fatigue | 5 ± 0.93 | 18 ± 1.50** |
| Cognitive fatigue | 7 ± 1.7 | 18 ± 1.65** |
Values are expressed in mean ± standard error of measurement.
HCs: healthy controls; MS: multiple sclerosis; EDSS: expanded disability status scale; MSSS: multiple sclerosis severity score; ARR: Annualised relapse rate; tARCS: total audio recorded cognitive screen; SDMT: Symbol Digit Modalities Test; DASS: depression, anxiety, stress scale; MFIS: modified fatigue impact scale.
*p-value ≤ .05, **p-value ≤ .01.