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Surface roughness changes of PMMA and TiO2-coated PMMA before (a) and after (b) sonication. The laser microscopy images taken from (c) PMMA, (d) TiO2-coated 1, and (e) TiO2-coated 2 specimens.
(Ra and Rq: The profile roughness parameters and Sa and Sq: The area roughness parameters)
