Table 1.
Relationship Between Demographics, Health Behaviors, and Health Conditions by Level of Noise Exposure (N = 3818)
| Participant Demographics and Health Coniditions |
All | Noise exposure | Odds ratio of having high exposure |
p value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low (≤5 hr/week) | High (≥6 hr/week) | |||||||
| M | SD | M | SD | S | MD | |||
| Age | 49.6 | 13.9 | 49.8 | 13.9 | 46.8 | 13.4 | 0.98 | <.001 |
| n | Column% | n | Row% | n | Row% | Odds ratio of having high exposure |
p value | |
| Gender | .72 | |||||||
| Man | 197 | 5.2 | 180 | 91.4 | 17 | 8.6 | Reference | |
| Woman | 3,601 | 94.3 | 3,345 | 92.9 | 256 | 7.1 | 0.81 | |
| — | — | — | — | |||||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 3,412 | 89.4 | 3,167 | 92.8 | 245 | 7.2 | Reference | .18 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 124 | 3.2 | 119 | 96.0 | 5 | 4.0 | 0.54 | |
| American Indian/Alaskan Native | 81 | 2.1 | 14 | 77.8 | 4 | 22.2 | 3.69 | |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 18 | 0.5 | 79 | 94.0 | 5 | 6.0 | 0.82 | |
| Hispanic | 84 | 2.2 | 75 | 92.6 | 6 | 7.4 | 1.03 | |
| Multiracial/Other | 81 | 2.1 | 74 | 91.4 | 7 | 8.6 | 1.22 | |
| Marital/relationship status | .11 | |||||||
| Married/in a relationship | 2,963 | 77.6 | 2,761 | 93.2 | 202 | 6.8 | Reference | |
| Never married/divorced/widowed | 840 | 22.0 | 769 | 91.5 | 71 | 8.5 | 1.26 | |
| Primary role | <.001 | |||||||
| Practice | 1,790 | 46.9 | 1,624 | 90.7 | 166 | 9.3 | Reference | |
| Academic | 847 | 22.2 | 816 | 96.3 | 31 | 3.7 | 0.37 | |
| Administrative | 414 | 10.8 | 380 | 91.8 | 34 | 8.2 | 0.88 | |
| Other/retired | 748 | 19.6 | 706 | 94.4 | 42 | 5.6 | 0.58 | |
| Degree | <.001 | |||||||
| ADA/diploma | 288 | 7.5 | 256 | 88.9 | 32 | 11.1 | Reference | |
| BSN | 1,133 | 29.7 | 1,027 | 90.6 | 106 | 9.4 | 0.83 | |
| Master | 1,250 | 32.7 | 1,175 | 94.0 | 75 | 6.0 | 0.51 | |
| Doctor | 914 | 23.9 | 873 | 95.5 | 41 | 4.5 | 0.38 | |
| Other | 216 | 5.7 | 198 | 91.7 | 18 | 8.3 | 0.73 | |
| Hours of work day/shift | <.001 | |||||||
| <8 hours | 311 | 8.1 | 299 | 96.1 | 12 | 3.9 | Reference | |
| 8 hours | 821 | 21.5 | 781 | 95.1 | 40 | 4.9 | 1.28 | |
| 9–10 hours | 1,404 | 36.8 | 1,316 | 93.7 | 88 | 6.3 | 1.66 | |
| 11–12 hours | 415 | 10.9 | 369 | 88.9 | 46 | 11.1 | 3.11 | |
| >12 hours | 775 | 20.3 | 690 | 89.0 | 85 | 11.0 | 3.07 | |
| Health conditions | .846 | |||||||
| Hypertension | ||||||||
| Yes | 974 | 25.5 | 903 | 92.7 | 71 | 7.3 | 1.03 | |
| No | 2,844 | 74.5 | 2,641 | 92.9 | 202 | 7.1 | Reference | |
| Heart disease | .150 | |||||||
| Yes | 113 | 3.0 | 101 | 89.4 | 12 | 10.6 | 1.57 | |
| No | 3,705 | 97.0 | 3,443 | 93.0 | 261 | 7.0 | Reference | |
| Pre-diabetes | .969 | |||||||
| Yes | 338 | 8.9 | 314 | 92.9 | 24 | 7.1 | 0.99 | |
| No | 3,480 | 91.1 | 3,230 | 92.8 | 249 | 7.2 | Reference | |
| Type I diabetes | .958 | |||||||
| Yes | 27 | 0.7 | 25 | 92.6 | 2 | 7.4 | 1.04 | |
| No | 3,791 | 99.3 | 3,519 | 92.8 | 271 | 7.2 | Reference | |
| Type II diabetes | .656 | |||||||
| Yes | 175 | 4.6 | 161 | 92.0 | 14 | 8.0 | 1.14 | |
| No | 3,643 | 95.4 | 3,383 | 92.9 | 259 | 7.1 | Reference | |
| High cholesterol | .989 | |||||||
| Yes | 1,036 | 27.1 | 962 | 92.9 | 74 | 7.1 | 1.00 | |
| No | 2,782 | 72.9 | 2,582 | 92.8 | 199 | 7.2 | Reference | |
| Depression | .007 | |||||||
| Yes | 893 | 23.4 | 811 | 90.8 | 82 | 9.2 | 1.45 | |
| No | 2,925 | 76.6 | 2,733 | 93.5 | 191 | 6.5 | Reference | |
| Anxiety | .161 | |||||||
| Yes | 730 | 19.1 | 669 | 91.6 | 61 | 8.4 | 1.24 | |
| No | 3,088 | 80.9 | 2,875 | 93.1 | 212 | 6.9 | Reference | |
| Cancer | .860 | |||||||
| Yes | 347 | 9.1 | 323 | 93.1 | 24 | 6.9 | 0.96 | |
| No | 3,471 | 90.9 | 3,221 | 92.8 | 249 | 7.2 | Reference | |
| Back pain/musculoskeletal problems | .010 | |||||||
| Yes | 1,187 | 31.1 | 1,083 | 91.2 | 104 | 8.8 | 1.40 | |
| No | 2,631 | 68.9 | 2,461 | 93.6 | 169 | 6.4 | Reference | |
| Arthritis | .005 | |||||||
| Yes | 841 | 22.0 | 762 | 90.6 | 79 | 9.4 | 1.49 | |
| No | 2,977 | 78.0 | 2,782 | 93.5 | 194 | 6.5 | Reference | |
| Current smoker | .077 | |||||||
| Yes | 125 | 3.3 | 111 | 88.8 | 14 | 11.2 | 1.67 | |
| No | 3,692 | 96.7 | 3,433 | 93.0 | 259 | 7.0 | Reference | |
| Smoke indoor at home/work | <.001 | |||||||
| Home only | 97 | 2.6 | 83 | 85.6 | 14 | 14.4 | 2.38 | |
| Work only | 49 | 1.3 | 37 | 75.5 | 12 | 24.5 | 4.58 | |
| Both home and work | 3 | 0.1 | 3 | 100.0 | 0 | 0.0 | <0.001 | |
| Neither home nor work | 3,628 | 96.1 | 3,388 | 93.4 | 240 | 6.6 | Reference | |
Note. Cutoffs of effect size measures: odds ratio (OR) – 1.68 (or 0.60 if OR < 1, small), 3.47 (or 0.29 if OR<1, medium), and 6.71 (or 0.15 if OR < 1, large). SD standard deviation.