Table 2. Neuroinvasive disease reported in cases of foodborne tick-borne encephalitis, Europe, 1980–2021*.
| Country (reference) | No. confirmed cases | No. CNS invasive disease | CNS invasive disease type | Blood serology | CSF serology |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria (9) |
6 |
4 |
4 ME cases |
Positive IgG and IgM |
Borderline IgM, positive IgG; borderline IgM, borderline IgG; positive IgM, positive IgG; positive IgM, borderline IgG |
| Croatia (23) |
7 |
6 proven, 7 symptomatic |
5 meningitis cases, 1 ME case; 1 case with fever and headache but LP not performed |
Positive IgG and IgM |
6 patients had CSF pleocytosis but negative IgG and IgM |
| Czech Republic (16) |
1 |
1 |
ME, myelitis |
Positive IgM |
CSF pleocytosis |
| Estonia (20) |
1 |
1 |
ME |
Positive IgM and IgG |
positive serology |
| Germany (22) |
2 |
2 |
ME in both cases |
Positive IgG and IgM |
Positive IgG and IgM |
| Hungary (10) |
25 |
2 confirmed; 25 with neurologic symptoms but LP only performed on 3 |
|
Positive IgG and IgM |
Positive IgG in 2 of 3 CSF samples |
| Hungary (19) |
7 |
4 |
4 confirmed ME cases |
In all 7 confirmed cases, positive IgM in blood or CSF |
|
| Poland (18) |
35 |
15 |
|
Positive IgM and IgG |
Positive serology for 15 patients with neuroinfection |
| Poland (29) |
4 |
4 |
4 meningitis cases |
2 had elevated IgG and IgM. 1 had only elevated IgM. The fourth wasn't examined |
All 4 had elevated IgG and IgM |
| Slovakia (15) | 2 | 1 | Positive IgM | Positive IgM | |
|
|
43 |
12 |
|
Positive IgM and IgG |
12 patients with IgM and IgG in CSF |
| Slovenia (26) | 3 | 1 | 2 cases with symptoms of ME but LP only performed on 1 | Positive IgG and IgM | CSF pleocytosis |
*CNS, central nervous system; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; LP, lumbar puncture; ME, meningoencephalitis.