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. 2022 Sep 27;20(9):e3001781. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001781

Fig 1. Control of vein patterning by PD aperture.

Fig 1

(A, B) Vein pattern of mature first leaf of WT Arabidopsis. In (A), teal, midvein; lavender, loops; mint, minor veins. Each loop is formed by the combination of a lateral vein (dashed line) and a marginal vein (dotted line) (only shown, for simplicity, for the first loop on the right side of the leaf). (B–E) Dark-field illumination of mature first leaves illustrating phenotype classes (top right). Class 0: narrow I-shaped midvein and scalloped vein network outline (B); class a2: narrow leaf and open vein network outline (C); class a5: narrow leaf, open vein network outline, and vein fragments and/or vascular clusters (D); class a6: lobed leaf, open vein network outline, and vein fragments and/or vascular clusters (E). Arrowheads: open loops; asterisks: vein fragments and vascular clusters. (F) Percentages of leaves in phenotype classes. Class a1: open vein network outline (S1A Fig); class a3: vein fragments and/or vascular clusters (S1B Fig); class a4: lobed leaf and vein fragments and/or vascular clusters (S1C Fig). Rare vein pattern defects were grouped in class Σr. Difference between gsl8-et2 and WT, between cals3-3d and WT, between cals3-2d and WT, between gsl8-6 and WT, between gsl8-chor and WT, between gsl8-1 and WT, and between gsl8-2 and WT was significant at P < 0.001 (***) by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test with Bonferroni correction. Sample population sizes: WT, 30; gsl8-et2, 108; cals3-3d, 215; cals3-2d, 173; gsl8-6, 39; gsl8-chor, 45; gsl8-1, 65; gsl8-2, 47. See also S1 Data. (G–K) Details of veins and vein ends in WT (G) and cals3-2d (H) or of vascular clusters in cals3-2d (I) and gsl8-2 (J, K). Differential interference contrast (G–I) or confocal laser scanning (J, K) microscopy. See also S1 Table. Bars: (B–D) 1 mm; (E) 0.25 mm; (G, H, J) 50 μm; (I, K) 25 μm. cals3-2d, callose synthase - 2 dominant; cals3-3d, callose synthase - 3 dominant; gsl8-1, glucan-synthase-like - 1; gsl8-2, glucan-synthase-like - 2; gsl8-6, glucan-synthase-like - 6; gsl8-chor, glucan-synthase-like - chorus; gsl8-et2, glucan-synthase-like - enlarged tetrad 2; PD, plasmodesma; WT, wild-type.