Skip to main content
. 2022 Sep 27;58(3):651–694. doi: 10.1057/s41269-022-00258-3

Table 9.

Results for 2007 wave only

Unemployment Inflation Growth
Inaccuracy Direction Inaccuracy Direction Inaccuracy Direction
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
Education
 Ref =  < age 15
 Age 16–17 − 0.12 (− 0.86) 0.08 (0.41) − 0.21 (− 1.32) − 0.24 (− 1.39) − 0.24 (− 2.46) − 0.44 (− 3.50)
 Age 18–20 − 0.43 (− 2.81) − 0.33 (− 1.79) − 0.66 (− 5.22) − 0.70 (− 5.30) − 0.30 (− 3.45) − 0.40 (− 2.95)
 Age 21–24 − 0.72 (− 4.50) − 0.49 (− 2.29) − 0.94 (− 6.35) − 1.03 (− 6.45) − 0.38 (− 3.01) − 0.52 (− 3.27)
 Age 25 +  − 0.83 (− 4.62) − 0.74 (− 3.52) − 0.95 (− 6.39) − 1.06 (− 6.85) − 0.43 (− 3.47) − 0.82 (− 4.89)
Financial situation
 Ref = very bad
 Rather bad − 0.67 (− 3.59) − 0.67 (− 2.83) − 1.10 (− 4.26) − 1.05 (− 3.86) − 0.27 (− 1.58) 0.22 (0.68)
 Rather good − 0.89 (− 4.17) − 1.11 (− 4.31) − 1.41 (− 5.38) − 1.38 (− 5.15) − 0.39 (− 2.28) 0.30 (1.01)
 Very good − 0.97 (− 3.34) − 1.41 (− 4.32) − 1.26 (− 4.32) − 1.30 (− 4.44) − 0.16 (− 0.88) 0.49 (1.65)
Economic outlook
 Ref = stay same
 Worsen 0.23 (2.57) 0.17 (1.38) 0.28 (2.45) 0.27 (2.27) 0.11 (1.86) 0.06 (0.60)
 Improve − 0.17 (− 1.74) − 0.21 (− 1.99) 0.10 (1.09) 0.14 (1.40) 0.01 (0.15) 0.09 (1.17)
Nr economic issues mentioned among most important two
 Ref = 0
 1 0.19 (2.37) 0.23 (2.10) 0.16 (1.94) 0.19 (2.02) 0.10 (1.66) 0.19 (2.16)
 2 0.38 (3.81) 0.51 (4.05) 0.29 (2.18) 0.37 (2.44) 0.17 (1.98) 0.10 (0.89)
Trust statistics − 0.33 (− 3.68) − 0.39 (− 3.57) − 0.32 (− 3.77) − 0.35 (− 3.53) − 0.005 (− 0.05) 0.13 (1.08)
Discuss politics
 Ref = never
 Occasionally − 0.46 (− 3.46) − 0.41 (− 2.40) − 0.54 (− 5.32) − 0.52 (− 4.47) − 0.33 (− 3.29) − 0.26 (− 1.85)
 Frequently − 0.80 (− 5.03) − 0.68 (− 3.75) − 0.88 (− 8.26) − 0.87 (− 6.41) − 0.36 (− 2.77) − 0.34 (− 2.03)
Political ideology
 Ref = Center
 Far left 0.12 (0.81) 0.04 (0.20) 0.08 (0.52) 0.09 (0.44) − 0.02 (− 0.18) 0.10 (0.49)
 Center-left − 0.12 (− 1.58) 0.004 (0.04) − 0.24 (− 2.58) − 0.24 (− 2.17) − 0.04 (− 0.41) − 0.10 (− 0.64)
 Center-right − 0.14 (− 1.80) − 0.02 (− 0.18) − 0.14 (− 1.51) − 0.12 (− 1.18) − 0.13 (− 1.58) − 0.06 (− 0.51)
 Far right 0.23 (1.61) 0.06 (0.32) 0.42 (2.46) 0.34 (1.82) − 0.07 (− 0.46) 0.06 (0.27)
Ideological distance from incumbent government 0.03 (1.25) − 0.01 (− 0.44) 0.03 (0.82) 0.01 (0.33) − 0.01 (− 0.71) − 0.02 (− 0.47)
Occupation
 Ref = Manager
 Self-employed 0.32 (2.51) 0.40 (2.01) 0.27 (1.95) 0.24 (1.45) 0.18 (1.77) 0.01 (0.08)
 Other white collar 0.05 (0.42) 0.02 (0.16) 0.04 (0.37) 0.03 (0.23) 0.24 (2.56) − 0.19 (− 1.30)
 Manual worker 0.51 (4.36) 0.34 (1.93) 0.64 (7.72) 0.60 (7.59) 0.19 (2.27) 0.03 (0.27)
 House person 0.26 (1.92) 0.18 (1.19) 0.89 (3.88) 0.98 (3.87) 0.63 (2.99) 0.86 (3.00)
 Unemployed 0.68 (3.28) 0.65 (2.94) 0.42 (2.06) 0.39 (1.56) 0.26 (1.81) 0.34 (1.76)
 Retired 0.43 (3.70) 0.52 (2.96) 0.46 (3.08) 0.49 (3.16) 0.22 (1.70) 0.30 (1.95)
 Student 0.20 (1.22) 0.31 (1.36) 0.34 (2.28) 0.30 (1.75) 0.35 (2.05) 0.14 (0.53)
Female 0.62 (4.61) 0.73 (5.91) 0.63 (5.11) 0.64 (5.06) 0.32 (3.61) 0.43 (3.24)
Age − 0.03 (− 1.73) 0.006 (0.33) − 0.06 (− 3.08) − 0.06 (− 2.74) 0.0005 (0.04) − 0.009 (− 0.52)
Age-square 0.00006 (0.41) − 0.0002 (− 1.40) 0.0004 (1.94) 0.0004 (1.66) − 0.0001 (− 0.56) − 0.00006 (− 0.34)
National unemp rate − 0.24 (− 4.63) − 0.51 (− 5.61)
National infl rate − 0.16 (− 1.44) − 0.37 (− 2.85)
National growth rate 0.13 (2.57) − 0.43 (− 5.16)
GDP per capita (log) − 0.77 (− 3.80) − 1.04 (− 3.56) − 1.02 (− 3.14) − 0.90 (− 2.35) 0.10 (0.62) − 0.13 (− 0.49)
Number of countries 28 28 28 28 28 28
Number of regions 259 259 260 260 257 257
Observations 11,506 11,506 10,341 10,341 4,994 4,994
LPSLH − 29,780.7 − 32,393.4 − 27,436.8 − 28,293.8 − 10,415.9 − 12,073.3

z-statistic in parentheses. Robust standard errors clustered by country. Constant not shown